Religion Studies Grade 12 P2 Eastern Cape Mock 2016 Memo

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 SEPTEMBER 2016 RELIGION STUDIES P2 MEMORANDUM MARKS: 150 This memorandum consists of 9 pages.

2 RELIGION STUDIES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 Inspiration Inspiration refers to the breath (power, knowledge) of extra- ordinary being or power for example of deity coming into a person and taking over, so to speak that person’s own breath. People may feel that they are possessed by such a power or that they have received a revelation. Those meanings suggest, how at various times, various people have felt that they have had very special, direct and immediate access to a dimension of being understanding or power that is beyond everyday experience. Such inspiration may have authority. These people then derive secondary inspiration from original, primary inspiration. In most religions there are figures, with followers, who are believed to have been inspired by higher power and wisdom. (10) 1.1.2 Oral tradition The original inspiration is spread first by oral tradition. The original message is passed on from one person to another and from one generation to another by a word of mouth. Such oral tradition may be transmitted faithfully for hundreds and even thousands of years. Writing is a recent invention. It is a normative source of primary importance throughout religious history. [ANY RELEVANT FACT MUST BE CREDITED] (10) 1.1.3 Sacred text Writing entered the religious scene about 4000 years ago. Since then it has played an ever increasing role. Before the writing was invented, information was passed through by the word of mouth from one generation to another. Other information was written in stones or rocks and caves. The information was also taken to the text. The Quran itself is generally seen as a perfect copy of original eternal inspired tablet in heaven. In Hinduism revealed (heard) writings (Shruti) are distinguished from secondary, (remembered) derived from humanly composed writings. Vedas for Hinduism. Bible for Christians and other texts. (10) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) RELIGION STUDIES P2 3 1.2 Write a brief overview of the sacred scripture in the Christian faith. In spite of differences in religious context, Christianity reveals the same pattern in the unfolding of a written tradition as Judaism. Christianity accepted the Hebrew tradition and re-interpreted it from its own religious perspective. It compiled its own collection of texts, which was accepted as divine revelations. After the death of Jesus, the good news concerning his person and his message was transmitted orally. Within two decades of his death, quite a large number of gospels were written down and circulated. The firing of the Christian canon was a long process which was only finalised towards the end of the fourth century. The first apostles were seen as the source and guarantors of the true religion. Throughout the history of Christianity, church leadership and theological scholarship in various denominations have produced a strong commentarial tradition. Christianity also has its sets of rejected and of lower-order non-canonical books. They are called Apocryphal books. (20) [50] QUESTION 2 Select and discuss ONE social problem prevalent in your community under the following sub-headings: [For the purpose of this Memorandum HIV/Aids are discussed.] 2.1 A brief relevant introduction One of the pressing issues in South Africa today is the HIV/Aids pandemic which is claiming the lives of many South Africans. In May 2003, religious communities and organisations met to discuss ways in which it could address the problem of HIV/Aids at the first conference of the region. It must be treated with the sensitivity it deserves. It calls for love and compassion. (6) 2.2 The causes of the social problem HIV/Aids is still one of the evils of our society. Unprotected sex. Sleeping around. Multiple partners. Rape. Belief that a virgin can cure HIV/Aids Overcrowded prisons [ANY RELEVANT ANSWERS SHOULD BE CREDITED] (12) Copyright reserved Please turn over

4 RELIGION STUDIES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) 2.3 Factors contributing to how it spread Through breast feeding Multiple partners Sharing the same needles and scissors Unprotected sex In some cases it can be spread through car accidents [ANY RELEVANT FACT CAN BE CREDITED] (10) 2.4 Illustrate solutions to the social problem selected or identified. No sex before marriage. Monogamy is encouraged. Faithfulness to one partner is encouraged. Adultery is condemned. It opens the way to other evils. [ANY RELEVANT ANSWER CAN BE CREDITED] (10) 2.5 Practical steps or strategies to address it. Love, compassion, responsibility, dignity and non judgementalism towards people living with HIV/Aids. Education and openness around sex and sexuality. Condemning discrimination against people living with HIV/Aids. Recognising unity in diversity. Encouraging open discussion and dialogue around sensitive issues. Religious leaders of all communities to educate their followers about HIV/Aids so that people living with the disease would not be discriminated against. The religious leaders should put pressure on the government to provide access to treatment to those that are affected. [ANY RELEVANT FACT CAN BE CREDITED] (12) [50] QUESTION 3 Discuss the central teaching of any ONE religion under the following headings: CENTRAL TEACHINGS: [For the purpose of this Memorandum Christianity is discussed] 3.1 Nature of divinity Christians believe in the existence of Supreme Being and Divine Being known as God. God manifests Himself as three persons: God the Father God the Son and God the Holy Spirit Christianity is a monotheistic religion like Judaism and Islam that is it teaches the existence of one God. God the father sent his son, Jesus into the world. After ascending into heaven, the son then sent the Holy Spirit [ANY RELEVANT ANSWERS SHOULD BE CREDITED] (10) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) RELIGION STUDIES P2 5 3.2 Nature of the world According to Christianity, in the beginning there was nothing but chaos. The book of Genesis says God created the world and the universe in six days and rested on the seventh day. The world was perfect after the Holy Trinity had finished with the creation. Humans, marine, animals and plants life are all belong to God. According to Christian understanding the world is subject to the governance of humanity. (10) 3.3 Place and responsibility of humanity in the world Christians believed that humans were created in the image of God. After creating Adam and Eve, God instructed them to look after the Garden of Eden and the whole of creation. As co-creators with God, humans are God’s representatives on earth. God has appointed them to look after his property, the world. They are accountable to God. (10) 3.4 Nature of life after death Christians believe that human beings were created immortal. Adam and Eve disobeyed God’s commands. The penalty for this sin was death for the human race. After this condemnation, God still tried to liberate humanity from evil and death. After death, Christians envisage a new community that will be marked by love, sharing and caring. (10) 3.5 Nature of good and evil According to the Christianity, God did not create evil when He created the world. He created a perfect world and perfect human beings. Evil was introduced later when Adam and Eve disobeyed God’s commandments. Christians call this kind of disobedience ‘SIN’. Christians believe that evil is often used by Satan who was once God’s angel, but rebelled against God. (10) [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over

6 RELIGION STUDIES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) QUESTION 4 INTERNAL DIFFERENCES: [For the purpose of this Memorandum Islam and Christianity are discussed] 4.1 Islam: After the death of the prophet Mohammed, one of the groups of Islam elected the prophet’s close friend Abu Bakr to be the next leader. The group that is supported became known as Sunni. The other group believed that, the leadership of the Muslim community should remain within the prophet’s family. They believed that Ali the cousin and son in law of Mohammed held the divine right to his position. This group of Muslim became known as Shiah. Christianity: The Christian religion consists of three main branches: Catholic Eastern Orthodox Protestants The Catholic claim to be the original Christian church founded by Jesus Christ, built in the authority of St Peter. They teach that God consists of three distinct bodies, yet equal persons: >God the father >The Son >Holy Spirit The Eastern Orthodox Church claims that it is a continuation of the original church founded by Jesus Christ. The reason for the split between the Eastern and the Western churches were political and doctrinal. The Western church taught that the Holy Spirit proceed from the Father to the Son. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the authority is in the hands of a group of Bishops. Protestants did not believe that salvation is something that had to be earned. It is a free gift from God, by the grace of God. (20) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) RELIGION STUDIES P2 7 4.2 Discuss the relationship between religion and science. Scientific developments have changed our world in many ways. At a deeper level science has challenged the way people look at the world. How we look at the world and even regard other people and living beings. Science has challenged even the very foundations of religions. In the last four centuries there are very difficulties that have emerged between religion and science. [ANY RELEVANT ANSWERS SHOULD BE CREDITED] (10) 4.3 The impact that Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution on creation according to Christian belief. Species contain a great variety of minor differences. Both the world and species change over time. In the fight for survival, better adapted variations survive while those that are not will slowly disappear or become extinct. A species may therefore gradually change its form and become more complex by developing along a path of successful variation. In the middle of the 19th century, the biologist Charles Darwin published his theory of evolution is his book origin of species. This was the first non-religious explanation of how the world was created and humans come from. Humans developed from Apes. Humans were not created by a divine being. According to the creationists there can be no doubt that God created the universe as part of his divine plan for humanity. Genesis describes how God created the world in seven days. God created Adam and Eve, thus there seems to be no place for the theory of evolution in creation. Darwin’s work was regarded as controversial by the church. [ANY RELEVANT ANSWERS SHOULD BE CREDITED] (20) [50] Copyright reserved Please turn over

8 RELIGION STUDIES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) QUESTION 5 Briefly discuss the following concepts as they apply in the religious teachings: 5.1 Ethical teaching Teaching comes from the word ‘to teach’ which may simply to impact knowledge or understanding in one way or another. In religion specifically, to teach often means to give information about a subject’. This makes teaching to be systematic information about a subject. Teaching is highly significant in some religions, less important in others. Teaching is very important mainly in those religions that developed during the thousands years. These religions tended to emphasise clear, rational, systematic thinking, and may still do so. The word teaches may also mean to advocate, to induce a person to do or to think. [ANY OTHER RELEVANT ANSWER SHOULD BE CREDITED.] (10) 5.2 Doctrine Doctrine is a synonym for teaching. It is derived from the term doctrinaire. Doctrine does not necessarily have any negative meaning and doctrinaire certainly does. It means tending to apply a doctrine in all circumstances without regard to practical considerations. A doctrinaire person is someone who attempts to push his or her particular teaching or doctrine onto other people. [ANY OTHER RELEVANT ANSWER SHOULD BE CREDITED.] (10) 5.3 Belief It may mean acceptance of a thing, a fact, a statement, a teaching, and so on. It may mean a firm opinion. It is trust or confidence. The combined term ‘belief system’ clearly expresses this meaning of the word ‘system’ says that this is a systematic teaching which is supposed to be the object or belief. It is important to know that there are many types and shades of beliefs in various religions and in the various sub-divisions of religions. [ANY RELEVANT ANSWERS SHOULD BE CREDITED] (10) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) RELIGION STUDIES P2 9 5.4 Myth The term ‘myth' comes from the Greek word 'Mythos’, which means the word or fable. It refers to those religious stories in deep truths about life are revealed. In everyday life the term is often used to refer to something that is not true. In religion studies the term Myth refers to the stories which reveal the deepest truths about creation, life, and death. Myths do not necessarily try to make a moral point, as parables do, but they can be the basis of teachings and even dogma in some religions. There are different types of religious myths, such as creation myths-which explain the origin of the world, foundation myths-which describe the start of a religion and the life of its founder, end time myths- which describe the end of the world. [ANY RELEVANT ANSWERS SHOULD BE CREDITED] (10) 5.5 Dogma The word ‘Dogma’ means appearance or opinion. It has two shades of meanings that are relevant to us The first meaning is a principle, tenet. To make a teaching, belief or doctrine, a dogma, the element of collective authority must be present. Collective authority means something else too, namely the will and the power to enforce the dogma (10) [50] TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over