Geography Grade 11 P2 National Exemplar November 2020 Memo

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 NOVEMBER 2020 GEOGRAPHY P2 MARKING GUIDELINE EXEMPLAR MARKS: 150 This marking guideline consists of 9 pages.

2 GEOGRAPHY P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) SECTION A: DEVELOPMENT GEOGRAPHY, RESOURCES AND SUSTAINABILITY QUESTION 1 1.1 1.1.1 north (1) 1.1.2 LEDCs (1) 1.1.3 Rostow (1) 1.1.4 global (1) 1.1.5 Bottom up 1.1.6 economy and environment (1) 1.1.7 MEDC (1) (7 x 1) (7) 1.2 1.2.1 C (Oil) (1) 1.2.2 D (humanitarian) (1) 1.2.3 B (Manufacturing (1) 1.2.4 A (Trade barriers) (1) 1.2.5 C (0,21) (1) 1.2.6 C (free trade) (1) 1.2.7 B (Balance of trade) (1) 1.2.8 C (China) (1) (8 x 1) (8) 1.3 1.3.1 An economic indicator that shows how wealth is shared in a country (1) [CONCEPT] (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.2 It shows all the wealth/money in the country in the hands of one person (1) Most of the people in the cartoon want this to change (1) The rich person literally hands out change (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.3 Closer to one (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.3.4 Creation of more jobs (2) Upliftment of skills (2) An adjustment to disparity in salaries (2) Improved salary adjustments to be in sync with the CPI Profit sharing in companies (2) [ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) GEOGRAPHY P2 3 1.3.5 More people living in an urban area is a source of skilled and unskilled labour (2) A higher ratio of people living in urban areas rather than rural areas will contribute more to the GDP of a country if they are formally employed in the secondary, tertiary and quaternary sector (2) High education and literacy levels allow a country to embrace globalisation and its associated technology (2) High education and literacy levels add to the skills base of a country and attracts foreign investment (2) Good water and electricity services also encourages the development of the secondary, tertiary and economic sectors of the economy (2) Efficient and a high quality of healthcare also protects the workforce of a country (2) [ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6) 1.4 1.4.1 ‘... that respects no borders’ (1) Globalisation opened borders and allowed freedom of movement (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.2 ‘... has lowered costs and facilitated specialisation associated with presumed competitive advantages’ (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.3 Boeing 787 Dreamliner (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.4.4 MNCs would not be able to able to manufacture products as they rely on specialisation (manufacturing) in different countries (2) Costs would increase and profits decrease (2) Businesses all over the world would close temporarily, hence no profits (2) Increased costs incurred because of employee benefits / pay-outs (2) Jobs in host countries / headquarters would also be lost (2) Profits would also not increase after the pandemic as many people do not have the buying power anymore (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 1.4.5 It has encouraged the liberalisation of trade / flow of international commodities (2) Borders have become more open allowing free movement of ideas (2) Global governance like the World Trade Organisation (WTO) have integrated developing countries into world trading and economic systems (2) Globalisation has enabled the formation of trading blocs (2) Multinational corporations operate globally creating jobs and generating profits (2) Production has been stimulated and countries have expanded their economies (2) A global workforce has facilitated an exchange of skills (2) [ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

4 GEOGRAPHY P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) 1.5 1.5.1 Rural (1) (1 x 1) (1) 1.5.2 Veronica is in a position to employ other villagers thereby raising their standard of living (2) Her increased income also means that she can support the local businesses to a greater extent (2) (2 x 2) (4) 1.5.3 Has a better house (2) All her children are enrolled in school (2) She spends less time collecting water (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 1.5.4 Treadle pump is easy to use (2) Saves time and labour so larger areas can be cultivated (2) Easy to transport (2) Light enough for both males and females (2) Produced locally (2) [ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6) [60] QUESTION 2 2.1 2.1.1 C (Koeberg) (1) 2.1.2 B (renewable) (1) 2.1.3 C (Eskom) (1) 2.1.4 C (carbon footprint) (1) 2.1.5 D (Kyoto Protocol) (1) 2.1.6 B (geothermal) (1) 2.1.7 C (Uranium) (1) (7 x 1) (7) 2.2 2.2.1 R (1) 2.2.2 gentle (1) 2.2.3 human (1) 2.2.4 parent material (1) 2.2.5 topsoil (1) 2.2.6 water (1) 2.2.7 Renewable (1) 2.2.8 regolith (1) (8 x 1) (8) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) GEOGRAPHY P2 5 2.3 2.3.1 Trees (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.2 To make space for buildings (accept examples) (1) Infrastructure (accept examples) (1) (2 x 1) (2) 2.3.3 Decreases oxygen (1) Increases carbon dioxide (1) Increases run off (1) Increases infiltration (1) Destroys aesthetic beauty (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) 2.3.4 It provides more space for development (buildings, infrastructure etc.) in a country (2) This creates jobs / multiplier effect (2) There will be increased production and more sales (2) More trade is generated and there will be more profits (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 2.3.5 Any new development requires an environmental impact assessment (EIA) (2) Education in environmental awareness (2) Buffer zones (greenbelts) to control uncontrolled urban expansion (2) Strategies to decrease birth rates (2) To reduce rural-urban migration (accept examples) (2) [ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6) 2.4 2.4.1 46% (1) (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.2 nuclear (1) hydro (1) gas (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) 2.4.3 It is still readily available as a natural resource in South Africa (2) Coal mining provides jobs (2) Large amounts of money have been invested in coal mines / power stations (2) Non-conventional energy sources incur extra costs (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

6 GEOGRAPHY P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) 2.4.4 It will cause environmental despoliation (2) Dumping near coal mines would cause land degradation (2) Process of mining coal and power stations would release methane and harmful chemicals into the atmosphere (2) Acid rain would be a consequence of releasing nitrogen oxide into the atmosphere (2) Dust particles and coal ash are emitted from power stations (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) 2.4.5 Nuclear power stations are expensive to build (2) Storing of nuclear waste is expensive (2) Earthquakes and terrorism can cause radioactive spillage (2) Human safety is an issue; accidents can occur that will result in deaths (2) Uranium is a non-renewable resource (2) Coal is readily available which makes nuclear energy an unnecessary expense (2) [ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6) 2.5.1 They are energy sources that are renewable / energy sources that are new and alternative (1) [CONCEPT] (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.2 Sunlight (1) Kite (indicates wind) (1) (2 x 1) (2) 2.5.3 It is an alternative to both coal and nuclear power (1) It will diversify and add much needed energy to the electricity grid (1) It is clean and will reduce South Africa’s carbon emissions (1) Photovoltaic panels can be supplied to rural areas which are not on the electricity grid (1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2) 2.5.4 Turning rotor blades can kill birds, bats, insects (2) This affects ecosystems and can reduce the biodiversity of the area (2) It causes noise which can spoil the aesthetic beauty of the environment (2) [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) GEOGRAPHY P2 7 2.5.5 NEGATIVE The initial cost of installation is expensive as parts have to be imported (2) In most cases skilled people from overseas need to oversee the operations, which is expensive (2) A huge proportion of the South African labour market would be excluded from these jobs as they are unskilled (2) Wind and solar energy are unreliable as they both depend daily on huge amounts of sunshine and wind (2) Only certain areas in South Africa would then be able to have access to non-conventional sources of energy (2) Increased reliance on non-conventional energy sources would decrease the demand for coal and cause mines to shut down (2) This will cause high unemployment in the mines and associated link industries that process coal, like power stations (2) POSITIVE The initial cost of installation is expensive but the running costs afterwards is cheaper than being reliant on coal (2) The sources for non-conventional use of energy is renewable and cheaper (2) It will create more employment opportunities (2) It will broaden the skills base of the country’s labour force (2) An increase in the use of non-conventional sources of energy decreases dependency on oil and hence the price drops (2) Energy can be sourced to remote rural areas, stimulating the economy of these areas (2) There will be less load-shedding, thus boosting businesses (2) [CANDIDATES MUST REFER TO BOTH POSTIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACT] [ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8) [60] Copyright reserved Please turn over

8 GEOGRAPHY P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) SECTION B: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES QUESTION 3 3.1 3.1.1 One centimetre on the map represents 50 000 cm in reality 3 (1 x 1) (1) 3.1.2 4,9 3cm x 0,5 = 2,45 km OR 4,9 3cm ÷ 2 = 2,45 km [Range 4,8 – 5,0] = 2 450 metres 3 (2 x 1) (2) [Range 2 400 – 2 500] 3.2 3.2.1 The difference in years: 2020 – 2012 = 8 3 years Mean annual change: 5' 3 W Total change: 8 x 5' W = 40' 3 W Magnetic declination for 2020: 15°24' W + 340' W = 16 °04ʹ W 3 (5 x 1) (5) 3.2.2 2020 is bigger 3 16°04’ W is bigger than 15°24’ W 3 [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) 3.2.3 The mean annual change in the magnetic declination is West 9 (1 x 1) (1) MAP INTERPRETATION 3.3 3.3.1 A (1) 3.3.2 C (1) 3.3.3 C (1) (3 x 1) (3) 3.4 Mountainous landscape 33 Protected area (Nature reserve) 33 Caravan park / camp sites / holiday resorts (Lekkersukkel) 33 Dam – rafting / canoeing / fishing / sailing / yachting / dam wall 33 Snake park 33 Brits tunnel 33 [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) Copyright reserved Please turn over

(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) GEOGRAPHY P2 9 3.5 3.5.1 Soil erosion (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.5.2 Contour ploughing (2) Strip cropping (2) Aforestation (2) Not ploughing on steep slopes (2) Crop rotation (2) Windbreaks (2) Fallowing (2) Filling in dongas (2) Avoid overgrazing (2) Fertilisers (2) Vegetation along rivers (2) Retain soil cover – dry season (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4) GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) 3.6 3.6.1 Raster (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.6.2 Shows graphics as rows and columns of tiny rectangular pixels to form a grid (2) (1 x 2) (2) 3.6.3 Line (1) (1 x 1) (1) 3.7 3.7.1 Low (1) Reason: The larger the size of a grid cell, the worse its resolution and less accuracy (2) Fewer pixels have been used, thus the orthophoto map is not very clear (2) The features on the orthophoto map are not very clear/fuzzy (2) Less detail about the surroundings of buildings can be obtained (2) [ANY ONE] (1 + 1 x 2) (3) 3.7.2 Weather conditions (accept examples) (1) Focusing (1) Number / size of pixels (1) Shadows (1) Equipment (accept examples) (1) Air pollution (1) Distance (1) Angle at which image is captured (1) Scale (1) [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1) [30] GRAND TOTAL: 150 Copyright reserved Please turn over