History Grade 12 P1 Eastern Cape Mock 2023 Addendum

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE KEREITI 12 LOETSE 2023 HISTORI P1 ATENTAMO (ADDENDUM) Pampiri ena e na le maqephe a 14.

2 HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) (EC/LOETSE 2023) POTSO YA 1: BERLIN BLOCKADE E KENTSE LETSOHO JWANG TSITSIPANONG YA NTWA E BIPILENG (COLD WAR) PAKENG TSA DINAHA TSE KOPANENG TSA AMERICA (USA) LE RUSSIA (USSR)? MOHLODI WA 1A Mohlodi ona o tsepamise maikutlo ho mabaka a entseng hore ho hauwe Berlin Wall ka Phato 1961. Dilemong tso bo 1950 German Democratic Republic (GDR) – karolo ya naha ya Germany eo e ileng ya ba tlasa Soviet Occupation Zone ka mora ntwa ya lefatshe ya bobedi karolong ya Germany – e ile ya tshosa ho ntsha madi batho ba tsheletseng ba ileng ba baleha , hantlentle ba ne ba ilo batla mosebetsi naheng ya Germany Borwa le moruo haholoholo ba baleha bitsong la dipolotiki, tumelo le tlhekefetso. Ka selemo sa 1952 Germany Botjhabela e ile ya kwala madiboho a lebisang Germany Borwa ho yelella nokeng ya Elbe le thabeng ya Harz, ba sebedisa terata e batang, le ditulo tsa mello, ba ile ba tlosa le dimela tsohle 100 m ka hare hotle balebedi ba tsebe ho bona batho ba thobang. Empa ho ne ho na le lesoba sebakeng sa GDR ho Four-power city of Berlin, ditulo tse tharo di ne di le tlasa tshireletso ya US, Britain le France ho bile teng ditumellano kamora ntwa tse reng Moscow e ne e lakatsa ho se amohele molao. Soviet e lekile ka matla ho susumetsa Mafatse a bophirimela (Western Powers) ho tswa ka nako ya Blockade ya 1948–49 empa ba ile ba thibelwa ke Anglo-American e tummeng. Makomanisi a ile a kwala karolo ya madiboho nakwana ka mora ho se atlehe boipelahetsong Germany Botjhabela ka June 1953 empa ka mora dibeke ba ile ba le bula hape. Jwale dilemong tsa bo 1950 Germany Botjhabela e ne e kgona ho tshela ho tloha Botjhabela e ye Berlin Borwa e sebedisa diterene tse neng di matha tlasa lefatshe. Ha a qeta ho tshela ka Botjhabela ba Germny a ka nnang a tshaba ho emisa lebopong kapo ho fofa ka hodima Tempelhof karolong ya Amerika ho tswa ho Federal Republic. GDR e qeteletse e tswile sebakeng sa yona hotle e emise ho kgathala ha kelello ka 1961. Ho ya halt le exodus ba tsamaile ho ya bophirimela transit camps o nka makomanisi a East German ba qetelletse ba dumellwa ke Moscow ho kwala madiboho ka August 1961 ba ahe lebota la nnete. Berlin Wall e fetotse mosebetsi wa lebota – e leng ho tsha batho – e mpa mosebetsi wa lebota e ne e le ho sireletsa batho ba ka hare. [E tswa ho https://www.historyextra.com/period/20th-century/berlin-wall-history-facts// E hlahlobillwe ka di 05 Pherekgong 2023.] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle le tumello Phetla

(EC/LOETSE 2023) HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) 3 MOHLODI WA 1B Mohlodi ona o tsepamisitse maikutlo karabong ya Amerika (USA) ho haheng Berlin Wall ka la 13 Phato1961. Le ha ho le jwalo ka pele pele Amerika e ile ya qadisa mohwanto wa boipelaetso le Soviet, ntlha ya ketso ena ya bona ya pele ho hauweng ha lBerlin Wall ebile karabelo e sa kgotsofatseng tshehetsong e ikgethileng ya balebedi ba naha ba kantle McGeorge Bundy, a bokella diqeto pakeng tsa mopresidente le lekgotla la German ka pele pele e ne e tlameha ho etsahala ka potlako. O itse ho hlakile hore taba ena e nka lehlakore. Ka mora matsatsinyana di bontshana maemong a hodimo baahi ba bonahetse ba sa rate lebota, Mopresidente Kennedy o kgethile sesole ho kopanya kopano e latelang le Khrushchev Vienna. Ka la17 August, Mongodi wa Army Elvis StahrJr o boletse ho emiswa ha ditshebeletso tse ka hodimo ho eighty four thousand a tsebisa banna ba keneng ditshebeletsong ho tloha ka la 1 October 1961 ho ya ho 30 June 1962. O ekeditse matsatsi a phomolo ho ketapele ya lebotho Germany le Japan nakong ya dikgwedi tse tsheletseng o boetse a nnetefatsa pulo ya 113 reserve unit, a bitsa masole a 23 000. Qetellong, Stahr o bontshitse hore o tla romela masole a ka hodimo ho 3 000 naheng ya Europe, ho eka sesole se bontshitse boikitlaetso a nang le bona ho NATO. Ka mora letsatsi White House e phatlaladitse hore Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson o tla tsamaya hang hang ho leba Europe ho ya kopana le West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer le majoro Willy Brandt. A feleheditse Vice president ya neng a se a dutse fatshe General Lucius D. Clay o ne a ena le dikamano le Berlin ho tloha ka dilemo tsa bo 1948–1949 blockade boteng ba hae bo ile ba thusa Johnson ho boloka le ho nnetefaletsa baahi ba Berlin Borwa hore ha ba a nyahlatswa. [Ho tswa https://www.archives.gov/files/research/foreign-policy/cold-war/1961-berlin-crisis/overview/us- military-response. E hlahlobuwe ka di 26 Hlakola 2023.] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle le tumello Phetla

4 HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) (EC/LOETSE 2023) POTSO YA 1C Mohlodi ona o ka tlase o tsepamisitse maikutlo ho tjamelaneng pakeng tsa Amerika le Soviet Union bakeng sa ho hahuwa ha Berlin Wall ka la 25 Mphalane 1961. Ho tloha tsatsing la pele ho ya ho le latelang, lebota le arolang diterata, sebaka le baahisane ho e mong le e mong ba emisa mesebetsi ya dipalangwang tse kopanang. Bosiung ba la August 13, Mmuso wa Mayor Willy Brandt o itse puong ya hae “ Berlin Senate e bona tlolo ya molao eseng ya botho ka ho arola Germany, kgatellong ya East Berlin le ditshoso ho West Berlin ...” Ka la 25 Mphalane 1961, ditanka tsa Amerika le Soviet di ile tsa shebana ledibohong la Friedrichstrasse le sebediswang ke matswantle (Checkpoint Charlie). Hoba ma a GDR a ne a lebelwa ke sesole se neng se sheba dibuka tsa boitsebiso ha ba kena bakeng sa kemedi ho Western Allies jwalo ka ha ba ne ba kena lebatoweng la Soviet. Ho ya ka pono ya Amerika tokelo tsa setswalle sa ho ya Berlin hohle moo ba batlang se ile sa emiswa. Nakong ya dihora tse leshome le metso e tsheletseng (16 hours) matla a dinucler a neng a tjamelane ho tloha dimetareng tse mmalwa le batho ba ne ba ikutlwa ba tshaba ntwa. Tsatsing le hlahlamang mahlokore ka bobedi a ile a ikgula. Re leboha qeto e nkuweng ke Mopresidente Kennedy, le Hlooho ya mmuso wa Makomanisi, Nikita Khrushchev, ba dumellane ka ho fana ka matla dikarolo tse nne tsa Berlin ha nakwana. Dilengwaneng tse tlang, madiboho a ile a bebofatswa, a nnetefatswa a ba a tswelliswa pele tsela ya ho lekola madiboho ka tsela. Bonneteng ka hodima 100 000 ya ba hae ba GDR ba leka ho tshela kapa Berlin Wall pakeng tsa 1961 le 1988. Ba ka hodima 600 batho ba thuntsweng ke balebedi kapo ba thuntswe ba tshela lediboho kapa ba shwele ba leka ho thoba. Bonnyane batho ba 140 ba shwele Berlin wall feela pakeng tsa 1961 le 1989. E tswa ho https://www.berlin.de/mauer/en/history/construction-of-the-berlin-wall/ E hlahlobuwe ka di 03 Pherekgong 2023.] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle le tumello Phetla

(EC/LOETSE 2023) HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) 5 MOHLODI WA 1D Setshwantsho se ka tlase se hlahisa mmele wa moshemabe ya nang le dilemo tse 18 bricklayer Peter Fechter a nkuwe ke molebedi wa lediboho la Germany ka mora hoba a lekile ho tshela Berlin Wall ho ya West Berlin ka August 1962. [ho tswa https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/peterfechter/. E hlahlobuwe ka di 26 Hlakola 2023.] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle le tumello Phetla

6 HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) (EC/LOETSE 2023) POTSO YA 2: KE MABAKA AFE A NENG A ETSA HORE AFRIKA BORWA E ITSHUNYE NTWENG YA SELEHAE YA ANGOLA KA SELEMO SA 1975? MOHLODI WA 2A Mohlodi ona o tsepamesitse maikutlo ntlheng ya hore ho tlile jwang dinaha tsa kantle di kenelle ntweng ya selehae ya Angola. Ka mora ho fumana tokoloho naheng ya Portugal ka 1975, Angola e ne shebane le diphephetso malapeng, lebatoweng le dinaheng tsa kantle. Nnete e tswilleng matsoho ya Angola kamora 27 Angola e fumane tokoloho e ile ya shebana le ntwa ya selehae. Kamora dilemo tsa tlokotsi ho latela boikemelo le ka mora boipelaetso ba 1980, Angola e ne e itshetlehile haholo ho USSR le Cuba. Thuso ya MPLA ya ho hlola South African military incursion moeding wa Angola, e neng e na le sepheo sa ho sitisa SWAPO ya Namibia e fumanang thuso ho UNITA e kopantse thuso ya US, thuso ya Afrika Borwa haholoholo kwetliso ya sesole e bapetse tema e kgolo ho ntlafatseng UNITA hoba sesole se matla se itse ka dilemo tsa bo 1980 ya etsa ditshoso tsa ho diha mmuso wa MPLA. … Thuso ho hlaha ho Soviet e bapetse tema e kgolo ka makgetlo. Ka selemo sa 1975 tshehetso ya Soviet ho MPLA ho seba ho hlola matsoho a mekgatlo ya selehae. Eleng UNITA le FNLA di neng di thuswa ke Afrika Borwa le Zaire, ne ba susumetswa ho nka toropo e kgolo ya Luanda pele ho boipuso. Yaba ka 1987, MPLA e fumana tshehetso ho tswa ho Soviet le Cuba ba bile ba susumetswa hore ba hle Afrika Borwa ntweng ya Cuito Cuanavale. Eo qetellong e betlileng tsela ya kgotso ho Southern Afrika le ho nnetefatsa ho tswelella ha puso ya MPLA. Yaba US e tswela pele ka ditsela tsa ho tshehetsa empa diqhwebeshano tsa tswela pele a tshehetsa FNLA nakong ya ntwa e bipileng.teng empa ho ne ho se nnete e fumanehang bakeng sa US. Hona ho paka Portugal le NATO di le mmoho le makomanisi. [Etswa ho https://saiia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Occasional-Paper-84.pdf. E hlahlobilwe ka la 05 Pherekgong 2023.] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle le tumello Phetla

(EC/LOETSE 2023) HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) 7 MOHLODI WA 2B Mohlodi ona o ka tlase ke qotso ya puo e entsweng ke Mr Pik Botha, Letona la tsakantle tsa kgale sebokeng se hlokolosi sa histori e qoqwang (Crtitical Oral History Conference). Ke ne ke le moemedi wa Afrika Borwa ho Matjhaba a kopaneng UN le Amerika, ntlhakemo ya ka e bile e ne e le hore sesole sa Cuba se tle Angola ba ne ba rera ho ya tlase lebopong la Namibia ebile re tseba hantle hore Soviet Union ke sona sesosa sa qabang ena, ho ne ho se motho ya ka tlase ho Dr Kaunda ya bonang baahi ba Cuba “jwalo ka manamane a Nkwe “Ho ne ho ena le baetapele ba Afrika Mobutu, Arap Moi, le mmuso wa Botswana-baile a abelana le ka pono ena , e ne ele nako ya Mamello Nakong ya tlhaselo ya Soviet jwalo kaha baile ba etsa Afganistan,le dikarong tseding tsa lefatshe. Ke ne ke tshwenyehile ka Angola e leng re ne re seo se neng se etsahala Angola. Ke ile ka letsetsa mongodi wa kgale wa lekgotla la tsa kantle, eleng Dr Brand Fourie – o nkopile hore ke letsetse Letona la lekgotla la tsa kantle, Dr Hilgard Muller. O nkopile ho letsetsa moprimiri Vorster. Moprimiri o itse ho nna: “Ke nahana hore o tsamaye o yo etsa mosebetsi wa hae ho Capitol Hill hobane ena e nkuwa e le maemong a phahameng lehlakoreng la Amerika, ebile batla ret shehetsa hobane ba lakatsa hore re e etse.” Baahi bohle ba Amerika ba itse ho nna. “Sheba ha re no kgetha kgahlano le tlhahiso ya ho emisa ho tsa ditjhelete tsa Amerika ho batho bao eseng mokgatlo wa Makomanisi Angola. Nka tshwenyeha haholo ha Amerika e ka re nyahlatsa hoba sesole sa rona sa hlolwa sa ba sa haptjwa. Mmuso wa Amerika o kopile mmuso wa ka ho se ikguli, empa ho ema nakwana ho fihlela Seboka sa (OAU) Addis Ababa. [Etswa ho https://www.wilsoncenter.org › publication › southern-a... E hlahlobilwe ka la 25 Pherekgong 2023.] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle le tumello Phetla

8 HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) (EC/LOETSE 2023) MOHLODI WA 2C Mohlodi o latelang o tsitsisitse maikutlo ho tlhekefetso ya ditokelo tsa botho ho entsweng Afrika Borwa ke SADF ka nako ya ntwa ya selehae ya Angola ka 1975. E nkuwe ho qeto ya tlaleho ya TRC e rometsweng ho MoPresident Nelson Mandela ka la 29 Mphalane 1998. Sepheo le merero ya mekga ya balebedi se entsweng Angola ke balebedi ba tlhekefetso ba Afrika Borwa e ne e arohile mekga e mebedi. Ntlha ya pele ya ho nka puso ha MPLA Angola mmuso wa kgale wa Afrika Borwa o bone e le setshoso. Jwalo ka ha MPLA e le moemedi wa Russia ho fihla ha sesole sa Cuba Angola ho tla tshehetsa MPLA e nnetefaditse pono ena eleng sepheo sa mmuso wa Afrika Borwa jwale kaha sepheo sa Afrika Borwa e ne e le ho thibela MPLA ho nkeng puso ya Angola ka mora tokoloho. Haeba sena se sa phethahale qeto ke ho diya mmuso ka mahahapa le ho kenya motswalle eleng anti- Communist government e hulwang ka pele ke National Union ya Independence ya Angola (UNITA). Ntlha ya bobedi ho fihla ha mokgatlo wa South West African Peoples’s Organisation (SWAPO) Angola ho nyolotse tshabo ho Afrika Borwa. Ba ne ba tseba hore qetellong ba etsa seo ho qetuweng ka sona UN Resolution 435, mmuso wa Afrika Borwa o ne o ikemiseditse ho fokodisa kapo ho holofatsa sesole sa SWAPO ha SWAPO e kenella dikgethong tsa Afrika Borwa Bophirima. Ho kenella ha Afrika Borwa dipolotiking tsa Angola ka mora hoba ba fumane puso ya bona mmusong wa Portugal o ile wa nyolla takatso ya ho tlosa mmuso ka mahahapa, ka Operation Savannah, ka karolo ya bobedi ya 1975. Le ha mosebetsi ona o etsahetse ka tshehetso e sa dumellwang ho tswa mmusong wa Afrika Borwa . Nnete ke hore taba ena ha e ka ba ya tjhaelwa monwana ho fihlela ho dihuwa ha mmuso ka mahahapa ka mora dikgwedi tse ngata e se e se sephiri. [Etswa ho https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/reports/volume2/chapter2/subsection2.htm: E hlahlobilwe ka la 17 Pherekgong 2023.] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle le tumello Phetla

(EC/LOETSE 2023) HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) 9 MOHLODI WA 2D Setshwantsho sena se ka tlase se bontsha Sesole sa Afrika Borwa se fana ka kwetliso ho UNITA ka nako ya ntwa ya selehae ya Angola. Raditshwantsho ha a tsejwe. [Etswa ho https://samilhistory.com/category/the-border-war-1966-to-1989/page/2/. E hlahlobilwe ka la 28 Hlakola 2023.] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle le tumello Phetla

10 HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) (EC/LOETSE 2023) POTSO YA 3: MOHWANTO O YANG WASHINGTON KA LA 28 AUGUST 1963 O KENTSE LETSOHO JWANG HO FEDISENG KGETHOLLO LE KAROLO KGAHLANO LE MAAMERIKA A MAAFRIKA DINAHENG TSE KOPANENG TSA AMERIKA (USA) DILEMONG TSA BO 1960? MOHLODI WA 3A Mohlodi o latelang o tebisitse maikutlo ho diketsahalo tse lebisitseng ho mohwanto oyang Washington. Mahareng a dilemo tsa bo 1950 le maqolong a dilemo tsa bo 1960, ntlha ya pele ya bohlokwa e ne e le ditokelo tsa baahi ba leng letsholong la ho lwanela ditokelo ntle ledikgoka. Di sit-in tsa 1960, di Freedom Riders le Birmingham Campaign ya 1963 ebile sethala sa boitokisetso ho ya ho Mohwanto wa ditokelo tsa baahi ka 1963. Morero wa mohwanto ho ya Washington e ne le ho tseka Mosebetsi le Tokoloho spring ka 1963. Le kenello ya “Big Six” eleng baetapele ba bohlokwa ba mokgatlo wa ditokelo tsa baahi. Martin Luther King Jr (Southern Christian Leadership Conference), James Farmer (Congress of Racial Equality), John Lewis (Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee), A. Philip Randolph (Brotherhood of sleeping Car Porters), Roy Wilkins (National Association for the Advancement of Coloured people), le Whitney Young (National Urban League). Morero wa mantlha wa mohwanto o na e ne e le ho tswelellisa mohwanto o feletseng wa ditokelo tsa batho. Ka la 11 Phuptjane 1963 Mopresidente Kennedy o buile le setjhaba ka ditokelo tsa baahi a se tsebisa ka Civil Rights Act ya 1963 kopanong ya la 19 Phuptjane 1963. Ha a ne a tsebiswa ka morero wa mohwanto o yang Washington qalong o ile a tshwenngwa ke lenane la bahwanti la Capitol le ka nnang la tshosa ditho tsa palamente ba ka nnang ba le sebedisa kgahlano le ho kgetha board- reaching bill tse kenyeletsang tekano ya ho kena ho beng le dintho tseo e leng tsa hao ya hlahisa dintho tse kang theatres, ditulo tsa dijo le motel; Mmuelli karetso o ile a dumella ho kopanngwa ha dikolo, ha a ne a kotjwa ke baahi ba neng ba hloleha ho qala kapa ho boloka molao; le maemo a lekanang a ho kgetha. [Etswa ho https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/education/teachers/curricular-resources/marching-for-equal-rights- evaluating-the-success-of-the-1963-march-on-washington. E hlahlobilwe ka la 8 Hlakola2023.] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle le tumello Phetla

(EC/LOETSE 2023) HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) 11 MOHLODI WA 3B Mohlodi o ka tlase o hlakisa mabaka a entseng hore ho be teng mohwanto wa Washington ka la 28 Phato 1963. E ne e le kopano ya kgorola koqo ya ditokelo tsa botho. Ho nahanelwa batho ba 250 000 ba ileng ba ya mohwantong wa Washington bakeng sa mesebetsi le tokoloho ka la 28 Phato 1963, ba fihlile Washington DC ka difofane, diterene, makoloi le, dibese hot swa ka nqa tsohle ho potoloha le naha. Ketsahalo ena e ne tsepamisitse maikutlo tlhekefetsong, tlhekefetso kgahlano le ditokelo tsa baahi ba Amerika ba batsho, Latinos, le mekgatlo e sa kenyeletswang e tsheheditse ditokelo tsa baahi (Civil Rights Act) eo lekgotla la tsamaiso la Kennedy le neng le leka ho tswelellisa kopano ena. Monyetla ona o bontshitsweng ke baitseki ba mahae bo nkileng sebaka National Mall, ‘Front Yard’ ya Amerika e ne e le sephetho sa pono e neng e tswalwe dilemong tse 20 tse fetileng. Ka nako ya mohwanto wa tshebedisano mmoho e neng e tsheheditswe ke baetapele ba mekgatlo e fapaneng ya baithuti, ditokelo tsa baahi (civil rights) le mekgatlo ya basebetsi (labour Organistions), pono ya mantlha e tlile ka Asa Philip Randolph, e le mohlophisi wa basebetsi le mothehi wa Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and the Negro American Labour Council (NALC). Pono ya hae bakeng sa mohwanto wa Nation’s Capital ka 1940 ha a ne a etsa kopo ya mohwanto ho lwantsheng karolo le kgethollo US. Sesole le mabotho a tshireletso a qobelletse White House ho nka qeto. Tshusumetso e sebeditse. Mopresidente Roosevelt o tekenne tumellano Executive Order 8802 (Kganyetso ya Kgethollo indastering ya tshireletso,1941) mme mopresidente Truman a saena Executive Order 9981 (Kopanyo ya sesole, 1948). Yaba Randollph a qhala mehwanto eo. [Etswa ho https://www.nps.gov/articles/march-on-washington.htm. E hlahlobilwe ka la 8 Hlakola2023.] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle le tumello Phetla

12 HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) (EC/LOETSE 2023) MOHLODI WA 3C Setshwantsho sena se re bontsha baitseki ba hwantang ka kgotso Constitution Avenue Washington ka la 28 August 1963. [Etswa ho https://www.sutori.com/story/march-on-washington-1963--tt5AYMDkDVteHFhtzxo6Sz1D. Ehlahlobilwe ka la on 8 Hlakola 2023.] RE BATLA DITOKELO DI TOKELO TSA BAAHI MOHWANTO WA TSA BAAHI LE MOSEBETSI DILIKANA LE MAEMO A HODIMO A KA NAKO ENA! TOKOLOHO BOAHI KA NAKO ENA! Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle le tumello Phetla

(EC/LOETSE 2023) HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) 13 DITOKELO TSA BAAHI Mohlodi wa 3D Mohlodi ona o ka tlase o qotsitswe puong ya Martin Luther King’s “Ke na le toro” ka la 28 August 1963 in Washington. Empa ka mora dilemo tse lekgolo tse fetileng (100 years later), Bophelo ba Manegro bo ntse bo qhwadile ha bohloko ka lebaka la karolo le ditlamo tsa kgethollo. Ka mora dilemo tse lekgolo tse latelang Manegro a ne a ntse a dula sehlekehlekeng sa bofuma ka hara lewatle la material prosperithi … Ha babopi ba ngola mantswe a bohlokwa a molaotheho … tshepiso ho batho ka kakaretso batho ba basweu hammoho le ba batsho ba tla fuwa ditokelo tsa bophelo, tokoloho le thabo Bakeng sa ho ananela ditshoso, MaAmerika a ile a fumantsha MaNegro cheque e mpe, Cheque e supang kgaello ya tjhelete. Empa re ile ra hana ho kgolwa hore banka ya toka (justice) ha e na tjhelete. Ho ke ke ha eba le phomolo kapo kgotso Amerika ho fihlela MaNegro a fumantshwa ditokelo tsa boahi. Ke na le toro ya hore ka le leng la matsatsi le naha ya Mississipi, naha e belang ke motjheso wa kgaello ya toka, motjheso o bakwang ke kgatello e tla fetoha e be naha ya toka le kgotso. Ke na le toro ya hore ka le leng la matsatsi bana ba ka ba bane ba tla dula naheng eo ba sa tlo ahlolwa ho ya ka mmala empa ka botho ba bona. [Etswa ho https://www.npr.org/2010/01/18/122701268/i-have-a-dream-speech-in-its-entirety. E hahlobilwe ka la 8 Hlakola 2023.] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle le tumello Phetla

14 HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) (EC/LOETSE 2023) DITEBOHO DI LE BISWE HO: Ditshwantsho le tlhahisoleseding di tswa ho: https://www.historyextra.com/period/20th-century/berlin-wall-history-facts// https://www.archives.gov/files/research/foreign-policy/cold-war/1961-berlin- crisis/overview/us-military-response https://www.berlin.de/mauer/en/history/construction-of-the-berlin-wall/ https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/peterfechter/ https://saiia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Occasional-Paper-84.pdf. https://www.wilsoncenter.org › publication › southern-a.. https://www.npr.org/2010/01/18/122701268/i-have-a-dream-speech-in-its-entirety. https://www.sutori.com/story/march-on-washington-1963--tt5AYMDkDVteHFhtzxo6Sz1D Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle le tumello Phetla