History Grade 12 Paper 1 Eastern Cape Prelim 2024 Addendum

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE IBANGA 12 SEPTEMBA 2024 ISIFUNDO SEZEMBALI P1 ISIHLOMELO Esi sihlomelo sinamaphepha ali-14. Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 ISIFUNDO SEZEMBALI P1 (ISIHLOMELO) (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) UMBUZO 1: INGABA IBERLIN WALL YALUQINISA NJANI UXINZELELO LWE COLD WAR PHAKATHI KWEAMERICA NERUSSIA? UMTHOMBO 1A Lo mthombo ulandelayo ugxile kunxibelelwano phakathi kweAmerica neRussia phambi kokwakhiwa kweBerlin Wall ngo1961. Ngomhla we10 Novemba 1958, iNkulumbuso yaseRussia uNikita Khrushchev wanyanzelisa ukuba iMelika namahlakani ayo banikezele (baxhome) kwiindima zabo abazidlalayo zokusebenza eBerlin. Kwakhona wavakalisa into ethi ukuba abathanga basityikitye isivumelwano malunga noku kwisithuba seenyanga ezintandathu,iRussia ayisayi kuphinda isihloniphe isivumelwano sabo sasemva kwemfazwe kwaye iya kungena kwisivumelwano esahlukileyo kunye neMpuma Jamani. Umongameli waseMelika uDwight D. Eisenhower uye wazala izinyanzeliso zikaKhrushchev, egxininisa ukuba isivumelwano sabo saseBerlin sisabanjiwe. Ngomhla wama27 Novemba iRussia yabhengeza ukuba izikhabile izivumelwano zasemva kwemfazwe ezimalunga nokuthabathela kuyo nolawulo lweJamani neNtshona Berlin. Nangona uKhrushchev engazange abonise ukuba iSoviet Union yayiza kusebenzisa umkhosi ukuba iAmerica ayithobeli, kwakuqondakala ngokubanzi ukuba iRussia yayizimisele ukuxhasa isoyikiso sayo. IAmerica neBritain zala ukuzivuma izinyanzeliso zeRussia, ngelithi iBerlin ekhululekileyo, engenaso isiqinisekiso sokufikelelwa yiNtshona, kungekudala iza kulawulwa yiMpuma Jamani yobukomanisi. NgoJulayi 1961 amagosa aseMelika aqikelela ukuba zingaphezu kwe1 000 iimbacu zaseMpuma Jamani eziwelela eNtshona Berlin suku ngalunye, ukuvuza koqoqsho noluntu olungathi luyekwe lungaqwalwaselwanga, luchaze intlekele eMpuma. [Ithatyathwe https://www.britannica.com/event/Berlin-crisis-of-1961. Yaze yahlelwa 6 Februwari 2024.] Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa eli phepha Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) ISIFUNDO SEZEMBALI P1 (ISIHLOMELO) 3 UMTHOMBO 1B Umthombo ongezantsi uxoxa ngokwakhiwa kweBerlin Wall ngoAgasti 1961 neziphumo zayo. Ngentsasa yomhla we13 Agasti, 1961, abantu baseBerlin bavuke bafumanisa ukuba ngokomyalelo wenkokeli yaseMpuma Jamani uWalter Ulbricht, ucingo oluhlabayo lwenziwe ngobusuku lusahlula iNtshona neMpuma Berlin kwaye luthintela ukuhamba phakathi kwala macala mabini. Kungekudala ucingo oluhlabayo lwaye lwandiswa ukuze lubandakanye iindonga zesamente kunye neenqaba zokugada. IBerlin Wall yayiza kuthintela iNtshona ukuba ibe nempembelelo engakumbi eMpuma, inqande ukunduluka kwabafuduki ukusuka kwicala lobukomanisi, kwaye ekugqibeleni iya kuba ngumfanekiso ophawulekayo weCold War eYurophu. IAmerica ikhawuleze yagxeka udonga, olwalusahlula iintsapho nolunciphise ilungelo lokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo. Kungekudala emva kokuba udonga lwakhiwe, unomji (ideadlock) phakathi kwemikhosi yaseAmerica neyaseRussia kumacala omabini ediplomatic checkpoint wakhokelela kwelinye lamaxesha enkxalabo yeCold War eYurophu. Impikiswano malunga nokuba abalindi baseMpuma Jamani okanye baseRussia bavunyelwe ukuba bajikeleze iindawo zokuhlola kwaye bahlolisise amaxwebhu okuhamba kwabaphathi baseAmerica abadlulayo ikhokelele ekubeni iAmerica imise iitanki kwicala layo lokuhlola, ikhombe kwimikhosi yaseMpuma Jamani nje ngaphaya kodonga. Iinkxalabo zokuba imikhosi yaseMelika yayiza kuzama ukuwisa udonga okanye inyanzelise ukugqitha kwicheck point zayo zikhokelele ekubeni iRussia imise iitanki zayo kwicala laseMpuma Jamani. Intshukumo engeyiyo ngexesha lokujongana yayinokukhokelela kwimfazwe, kwaye nayiphi na ingxabano eqhelekileyo phakathi kwamazwe amabini enyukliya isoloko isizisa umngcipheko wokunyukela kwemfazwe. Endaweni yoko, uKennedy wenze ngeendlela zangasemva (back channels) ukucebisa uKhrushchev asuse iitanki zakhe, ethembisa ngelithi ukuba iRussia yenze njalo, uMkhosi weAmerica uza kubuyisela. I-standoff yaphela ngaphandle kwezixholoxholo. [Ithatyathwe https://history.state.gov/milestones/1953-1960/berlin-crises. Yaze yahlelwa 6 Februwari2024.] Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa eli phepha Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 ISIFUNDO SEZEMBALI P1 (ISIHLOMELO) (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) UMTHOMBO 1C Eli nqaku lingezantsi labhalwa nguRichard Wald, intatheli laza lapapashwa kwiNew York Herald Tribune ngomhla wama24 kuJuni 1962. Ligqamisa iinzame zeNtshona namaRashiya ekunciphiseni ukungavisisani okubangelwa yiBerlin Wall. Iingxoxo zamazwe amane ezingabaphathi bezomkhosi wasekuhlaleni eBerlin zokunciphisa ukungavisisani ngodonga olwahlula isixeko zingaphakanyiswa yiNtshona kwiveki ezayo. Unobhala waseburhulumenteni uDean Rusk, ngosuku oluxakekileyo nesiqingatha seentlanganiso ekunye noChancellor, uKonrad Adenauer nabacebisi bakhe abaphezulu, kuye kwabonakala ukuba bafumene imvume kaBonn kwisiphakamiso namhlanje. Kuza kuqulathwa (kubandakanywa) iimpendulo zeAmerica, iBritain neFrance kwimbalelwano yeRussia yomhla we7 Juni apho yayilumkisa 'ngokuxhokonxa okuyingozi' okubandakanyeka iziganeko zokudubula eludongeni. Ngelo xesha, iSoviet Union yenze izoyikiso ezifihlakeleyo ezimalunga nokungahlali “ingumbukeli ongenanxaxheba”. Ababekho kwezinye zeentlanganiso zezomini yayinguSodolophu waseNtshona Berlin, uWilly Brandt. Ngokwengxelo zala macala omabini, zonke ezi ntlanganiso, zahamba kakuhle kakhulu. Isithethi seAmerica sigxininise ukuba omabini amacala avumelene ukuba amalungiselelo olawulo lokufikelela kwiNtshona Berlin anokufunyanwa aya kufaneleka kuzo zombini iNtshona neSoviets. Oko kuthetha ukuba amaJamani aseNtshona namaMelika avumelana ukuba kusenokubakho isisombululo esithile esigqibeleleyo kwingxaki yaseBerlin-hayi sesibonakala, yaye uChancellor Adenauer uyakuvuma ukuqhubekeka kweentetho (iingxoxo) zeRussia neAmerica. Iingxelo ezivela eBerlin zibonisa ukuba amapolisa abantu baseMpuma Jamani adubule abulala umntu waseBerlin ebezama ukubaleka kufuphi nomnye wemijelo yesixeko ekuseni namhlanje. Oku kukubulawa kolu donga kokwamashumi amathathu ukusukela ekwakhiweni kwalo kuAgasti ophelileyo. [Ithatyathwe https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/DVGPRN575773425/GDCS?u=webdemo&sid=GDCS& xid=c8820b70. Yaze yahlelwa 18 Februwari 2024.] Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa eli phepha Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) ISIFUNDO SEZEMBALI P1 (ISIHLOMELO) 5 UMTHOMBO 1D Umfanekiso ongezantsi kaPaul Schutzer wavela kwiLIFE magazine ngomhla we8 Septemba 1961, ubonisa umntwana waseMpuma Jamani owaqhwesha ngempumelelo phezu kweBerlin Wall ukuya eNtshona Berlin. [Ithatyathwe https://www.life.com/history/berlin-wall-photos-early-days-cold-war-symbol/. Yaze yahlelwa 28 Februwari 2024.] Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa eli phepha Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 ISIFUNDO SEZEMBALI P1 (ISIHLOMELO) (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) UMBUZO 2: IDABI LASECUITO CUANAVALE LABA NEMPEMBELELO ENJANI EMZANTSI AFRIKA? UMTHOMBO 2A Umthombo olandelayo uchaza indlela iMfazwe yaseCuito Cuanavale eyenzeka ngayo ngo1987–1988 kwidabi lase Lomba River. Idabi, okanye ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi ukungqingwa, kweCuito Cuanavale kwaliwa elunxwemeni loMlambo iLomba kufuphi neCuito Cuanavale, eMzantsi Mpuma yeAngola, phakathi kweUNITA (encediswa yiSADF) noMkhosi waseAngola (FAPLA) oncediswa yiCuba, iSoviet Union kunye neMpuma Jamani. Izibonda zaziphezulu kumacala omabini kwaye idabi lalibandakanya imisebenzi emikhulu eqhelekileyo yemikhosi yaseMzantsi Afrika ukususela kwiMfazwe yesibini Yehlabathi. Imida yedabi yasikwa ngokweengcamango abakholelwa kuzo. Unobangela (into ekhokelele) wedabi waqala ngoJulayi 1987 xa imikhosi karhulumente yaseAngola (FAPLA) yayizama ukuqhubela (ukuhambela) phambili kwinqaba yeUNITA kaJonas Savimbi eMavinga, engundoqo kwisiseko sakhe eJamba kufuphi neCaprivi Strip. Ekuqaleni uhlaselo lwaqhubela phambili kakuhle, i-FAPLA yafumana isandla esiphezulu, yabangela iingxwelerha ezinkulu kwiUNITA, yabaqhubela ngezantsi ukuya eMavinga. Iibrigades ezilishumi elinesine zaseAngola naseCuba phantsi komphathi weRussian Commander zaqala uhlaselo okukhulu kwiUNITA ngomhla we14 Agasti 1987. Amajoni eSADF abalekiselwa ukuxhasa iUNITA. Kwakusemdleni karhulumente woMzantsi Afrika ukuba iUNITA inganikezeli kwiCubans neFAPLA – babenoluvo lokuba iza kuphazamisa uxolo eNamibia ize yenze ukuba umkhonto weSizwe (MK), iphiko lomkhosi weANC, wenze iziseko zokulwa eAngola, ukudala iindlela zokungena eMzantsi Afrika ukusuka eZambia, Botswana neZimbabwe. NgoOkthobha, iFAPLA ehlasele kuqala kwi47 th Brigade kumlambo iLomba yatshatyalaliswa kolo hlaselo lweSADF eyayingxamele ukuhlangula iUNITA. Amanye amaqela eFAPLA awa (ahlaselwa) phantsi kolo qhushumbiso lukhulu kodwa akwazi ukubuyela eCuito, idolophu encinane kufuphi nokudibana kwemilambo emibini eyenza igama layo, libekelwe kwindawo ephezulu yaseMzantsi Mpuma Angola, ummandla iPortuguese ezaziwubiza ngokuba nguMhlaba ekupheleni koMhlaba. [Ithatyathwe https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/battle-cuito-cuanavale-1988. Yaze yahlelwa 28 Februwari 2024.] Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa eli phepha Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) ISIFUNDO SEZEMBALI P1 (ISIHLOMELO) 7 UMTHOMBO 2B Umthombo ongezantsi uchaza iziphumo zeMfazwe yaseCuito Cuanavale. Nangona kunjalo, ukuzibophelela kwemikhosi yaseCuba kuwatshintshe ngokupheleleyo amandla okukhokela eMazantsi eAfrika. Ithemba lokuba amajoni amhlophe angakumbi abulawa lutshaba lomkhosi weCubans olwaluxhobe ngokwaneleyo, iindleko zemfazwe nefuthe ebelinalo kuqoqosho loMzantsi Afrika labangela ukuba uMzantsi Afrika unyanzeleke uyishiye iCuito Cuanavale. NgoApreli 1988, ikhabhinethi kaPW Botha yavuma ukuqala uthethathethwano oluthe ngqo neAngola kunye neCuba phantsi kongenelelo (Mediation) lukaChester Crocker (US Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs). Njengoko iCentral Intelligence Agency (CIA) yagqiba, ‘ingqwalasela kwezomkhosi zaba ne futhe elimandla kwisigqibo sePitoli sothethathethwano’, icacise ukuba ‘kokokuqala kwimbali yanamhlanje, ukuba iinkokheli zabo zoyikiswe bubukho botshaba oluxhobe ngokwaneleyo nolunakho ukubangela iingxwelerha ezinkulu kwimikhosi yaseMzantsi Afrika kwimfazwe eqhelekileyo ... nebangele ukuba uMongameli PW Botha nabacebisi bakhe abaphezulu bamkele bengafuni isivumelwano soxolo kunye nengcamango yokuthethathethana ngokuzimela kweNamibia nokutshintshiselana ngokurhoxiswa kwemikhosi yaseCuba. Ukulandelelana kweengxoxo luye lwazisa isicwangciso sokudibanisa sikaCrocker ebunyanini. Nangona iingxoxo zaziza kuthatha imijikelo elishumi elinesibini, ngomhla wama22 Disemba ngo1988 izivumelwano ezibini zatyikitywa kwiUnited Nations Organisation, enye phakathi kweAngola neCuba ilungiselela ukurhoxiswa kwemikhosi yaseCuba, enye phakathi kweAngola, iCuba noMzantsi Afrika zivumelana ngokuzimela kweNamibia. Umlo omde kaCrocker waye wafikelela esiphelweni; injongo yakhe yokuthengisa (yokuthetha-thethana) isivumelwano soxolo lwengingqi saphunyezwa ekugqibeleni. [Ithatyathwe Journal of Southern African Studies, volume 35, number 1: Chester Crocker and the South African Border War, 1981–1989. A Reappraisal of Linkage by Z Kagan-Guthrie] Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa eli phepha Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 ISIFUNDO SEZEMBALI P1 (ISIHLOMELO) (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) UMTHOMBO 2C Isicatshulwa esingezantsi sesikhumbuzo seBattle of Cuito sicatshulwe ziiMilitary Veterans ngomhla wama25 Matshi 2022. Sigxile kwiziphumo zeBattle of Cuito Cuanavale. Idabi laliyeyona ngxabano inkulu yomkhosi kumhlaba waseAfrika ukususela kwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi ... yaphawula ukuqala kokuphela kolawulo lwabantu abambalwa abamhlophe eMzantsi Afrika, ukuchithwa kwenkqubo yeapartheid, nokukhululwa ngokupheleleyo kweAfrika kulawulo lwaseYurophu. Idabi lokulwa nemikhosi yeapartheid eAngola ngo1988 lithathwa njengomzuzu okhawulezileyo okhawulezise ukukhululwa kweNamibia, uMzantsi Afrika nommandla weSADC. Likhokelele ekuhambeni komkhosi oxhobileyo waseCuba, kwiNtshona, ukuya kumda waseNamibia. Umlo okuMzantsi-Ntshona weAngola wakhokelela ekurhoxisweni koMzantsi Afrika, iANC neCuba eAngola, nokukhululeka kweNamibia. Kwakungekho nzuzo yezinto eziphathekayo kubantu baseCuba abafika kwinkxaso yethu, kodwa inkuthazo yabo egqithiseleyo yayikukulwela inkululeko yoMzantsi Afrika kwimikhosi yobukoloniyali nobukhonzevethiv. IBattle of Cuito Cuanavale yayiyinto uOliver Tambo awayeyibona, njengokuwa koMzantsi Afrika onobuhlanga kwaye lo mlo wavula iingcango zokunikezelwa kwedemokhrasi eMzantsi Afrika. Ukoyiswa ngokugqibeleleyo komkhosi wobuhlanga eCuito Cuanavale kwakululoyiso kuyo yonke iAfrika. Olu loyiso eCuito Cuanavale yinto eyenza ukuba iAngola ikwazi ukunandipha uxolo ize imisele ulongamo lwayo (inkululeko). Ukoyiswa komkhosi wobuhlanga kwenza ukuba abantu baseNamibia bafumane inkululeko yabo. ISebe lomkhosi weeVeterans liza kuqhubeka nokuhlonipha likhumbule amaqhawe omzabalazo awileyo naphilayo. [Ithatyathwe https://www.dmv.gov.za/newsroom/advsories/2022/25032022htm. yaze yahlelwa 28 Februwari 2024.] Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa eli phepha Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) ISIFUNDO SEZEMBALI P1 (ISIHLOMELO) 9 UMTHOMBO 2D Umfanekiso ongezantsi ubonisa ianti-craft yaseCuba ibhiyozela uloyiso kwimikhosi yaseMzantsi Afrika ngexesha leBattle of laseCuito Cuanavale eAngola, ngo1988. [Ithatyathwe https://images.app.goo.gl/yHnWVQWevoB9Qu2x9] Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa eli phepha Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 ISIFUNDO SEZEMBALI P1 (ISIHLOMELO) (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) UMBUZO 3: IMATSHI EYA EWASHINGTON YABA NAGALELO LINI EKUPHELISENI UCALUCALULO NEYANTLUKWANO EAMERICA KWII1960? UMTHOMBO 3A Umthombo ongezantsi uchaza iimeko amaMelika aNtsundu ayehlala phantsi kwazo ezakhokelela kuqhankqalazo eWashington ngomhla wama28 Agasti 1963. Ngo1963, kwiminyaka elikhulu (isikhumbuzo seminyaka eli100) yeEmancipation Proclamation, uninzi lweenjongo zolu qhankqalazo lwangaphambili lwalungekaphumeleli. Amanqanaba aphezulu entswelangqesho kwabamnyama, umsebenzi owawunika uninzi lwaMamelika Amnyama kuphela imivuzo emincinci nemisebenzi engancumisiyo, ukunganikwa ithuba lokuvota, nokuzinga kweyantlukwano ngokobuhlanga eMzantsi enze iingxoxo malunga nomngcelele omkhulu ofuna ubulungisa kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho ekuqaleni ku1962. Egameni leNegro American Labor Council (NALC), i-Southern Christian Leadership Conference, i-Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), ne-Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), uRandolph wabhala ileta ngomhla wama24 Meyi 1962 isiya kuNobhala uStewart Udall weSebe lezeMicimbi yangaphakathi malunga neemvume zomngcelele ophelela eLincolin Memorial. Izicwangciso zomngcelele zamiswa xa uUdall wayekhuthaza amaqela ukuba aqwalasele iSylvan Theatre eWashington Monument ngenxa yeengxaki zengxinano nomthamo wabakhenkethi eLincolin Memorial. NgoMeyi, phakathi kwiBirmingham Campaign, uKing wajoyina uRandolph, uJames Farmer weCORE, noCharles McDew we-SNCC ekubizeni ukwenziwa kwale ntshukumo ebudeni baloo nyaka, wavakalisa esithi, “Vumela izihlwele ezimnyama ezisebenzayo zithethe!” (King et al.,7 May 1963) Emva kokwazisa uMongameli uKennedy ngenjongo yabo, iinkokheli zemibutho emikhulu yamalungelo oluntu zabeka umhla wama 28 Agasti ube ngumhla weMatshi. Iinjongo ezichaziweyo zoqhankqalazo zaziquka "umthetho opheleleyo wamalungelo oluntu" oza kususa umthetho wokwahlula ngokwendawo zokuhlala “ukukhuselwa kwelungelo lokuvota”; iindlela zokufuna ukulungiswa kokunyhashwa kwamalungelo omgaqosiseko; “idesegregation kwizikolo zonke zikarhulumente ngo1963”; ifederal works program “yokuqeqesha nokubeka abasebenzi abangaphangeliyo”; iFederal Fair Employment Practices Act ethintela ucalucalulo kuyo yonke ingqesho.” [Ithatyathwe https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/march-washington-jobs- andfreedom#:~:text=High%20levels%20of%20black%20unemployment,and%20economic%20justice%20 as%2early Yaze yahlelwa 28 Februwari 2024.] Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa eli phepha Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) ISIFUNDO SEZEMBALI P1 (ISIHLOMELO) 11 UMTHOMBO 3B Umthombo ongezantsi uchaza indlela eyaqhubeka ngayo iMatshi eWashington ngomhla wama28 Agasti 1963. IMatshi eWashington, yayingumboniso wezopolitiko owawubanjelwe eWashington, DC, ngomhla wama28 Agasti 1963, nowawuzinyaswe ngabantu abaqikelelwa kuma250 000 beqhankqalazela ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga nokubonisa inkxaso kumthetho omkhulu wamalungelo oluntu olwaluxhomekeke kwiCongress. Le Matshi eWashington yabakho ngenxa yentsebenziswano ye “Big Six” yentshukumo yamalungelo oluntu: uJames Farmer, uMartin Luther King, Jr., uJohn Lewis, A. Philip Randolph, uRoy Wilkins, noWhitney Young, zonke iinkokeli zamaqela amalungelo oluntu. Umzabalazi uBayard Rustin ebengumququzeleli wayo oyintloko. Esi siganeko sidibanise amakhulu amawaka abantu ababehlanganisene ngoxolo kwiNational Mall, emthunzini weLincoln Memorial, ukufuna ubulungisa obulinganayo kubo bonke abemi phantsi komthetho. Esi siganeko sasiquka imiboniso yomculo kaMarian Anderson, uMahalia Jackson, uJoan Baez, noBob Dylan, kwaye sasibonisa amagqabantshintshi ezithethi ezininzi, abanye beyinxalenye yenkqubo abanye bengeyiyo, kuquka phakathi kwabo uLewis, uWilkins, uYoung, uDaisy Bates, uWalter Reuther, noJosephine Baker. Le tribute yayikwahlonipha uBates, uRosa Parks, uMyrlie Evers, uDiane Nash, nabanye abafazi abamnyama ababandakanyekayo kumbutho wamalungelo oluntu. UKing wayesisithethi sembeko esisemthethweni kwesi siganeko. Isihlwele savuseleleka ngenxa yamandla ngokweemvakalelo nomgangatho wesiprofeto kwintetho yakhe, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-“I Have a Dream” speech. UKing wagxininisa ukholo lwakhe lokuba, njengoko eyibeka, “ngenye imini olu hlanga luya kuvuka luphile intsingiselo yokwenene yenkolo yalo (iinkolelo): Sibambe ezi nyaniso zokuba, bonke abantu badalwa ngokulinganayo.” Ukwavakalise ithemba lakhe lokuba abantwana bakhe baza kuhlala kwisizwe apho "bangayi kugwetywa ngebala lolusu lwabo kodwa ngobuntu babo.” [Ithatyathwe https://www.britannica.com/event/March-on-Washington. Yaze yahlelwa 28 Februwari 2024.] Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa eli phepha Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 12 ISIFUNDO SEZEMBALI P1 (ISIHLOMELO) (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) UMTHOMBO 3C Umthombo ongezantsi uqulethe isicatshulwa sodliwanondlebe olwenziwe nguMichael A. Fletcher kubathathi nxaxheba bomngcelele ka1963 eWashington. Olu dliwanondlebe lwenziwe ngethuba lesikhumbuzo seminyaka engama60 somngcelele. Holmes Norton: Imingcelele izama iziphumo, kodwa ayidli, ngokukhawuleza, ibone ezo ziphumo. Ngelixa umngcelele wawungenguye unobangela womthetho, kunzima ukukholelwa ukuba iCivil Rights Act ka1964 yayiza kubakho ngaphandle kwayo. Yanceda ukususa ulawulo lukaKennedy nasekuxhathiseni kumngcelele. Khumbula ukuba uMongameli uKennedy wayengaxhomekekanga kuphela kwiivoti zaseMzantsi, kodwa abantu baseMzantsi baququzelela phantse zonke iikomiti kwii House of Senate. Umntu kufanelekile aqonde indlela iCongress nesizwe esasisemva (antediluvian) ngayo. Esi yayisisizwe apho kwakungekho mithetho yefederal eyayisithi nabani na onokwenza umsebenzi unelungelo lokwenza umsebenzi. Cox: Yayingumzuzu apho iAmerica yafumana iimpendulo kwimibuzo ibisoloko ibuzwa ukususela ngo1955 okanye nango1954 kwi-Brown v. Board [of Education]: Afuna ntoni la maNegro? Ndicinga ukuba intetho kaKing yawuphendula loo mbuzo ngokuthi, “Ndinephupha elisekelwe ngokunzulu kwiphupha laseAmerica.” UKing uthe into esifuna ukuyenza kukuzalisekisa isithembiso seDeclaration of Independence and the Constitution. [Ithatyathwe https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/oral-history-march-washington-180953863/ Yaze yahlelwa 6 Matshi 2024.] Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa eli phepha Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) ISIFUNDO SEZEMBALI P1 (ISIHLOMELO) 13 UMTHOMBO 3D Umfanekiso ongezantsi ubonisa uMartin Luther King Jr ethetha nesihlwele ngexesha leMatshi eWashington ngoAgasti 1963. [Ithatyathwe https://www.life.com/history/the-march-on-washington-power-to-the-people/ Yaze yahlelwa 28 Februwari 2024.] Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa eli phepha Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 14 ISIFUNDO SEZEMBALI P1 (ISIHLOMELO) (EC/SEPTEMBA 2024) IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI ESETYENZISIWEYO Iisosi ezibonakalayo nezinye izinto ezibubungqina zithathwe kule mithombo yolwazi: https://www.britannica.com/event/Berlin-crisis-of-1961 https://history.state.gov/milestones/1953-1960/berlin-crises https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/DVGPRN575773425/GDCS?u=webdemo&sid=GDCS&xi d=c8820b70 https://www.life.com/history/berlin-wall-photos-early-days-cold-war-symbol/ https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/battle-cuito-cuanavale-1988 https://www.twn.my/title2/resurgence/2013/278/cover03.htm http://www.dmv.gov.za/newsroom/advisories/2022/25032022.htm#:~:text=It%20led%20t o%20the%20movement,to%20the%20Independence%20of%20Namibia https://images.app.goo.gl/yHnWVQWevoB9Qu2x9 https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/march-washington-jobs- andfreedom#:~:text=High%20levels%20of%20black%20unemployment,and%20econom ic%20justice%20as%2early https://www.britannica.com/event/March-on-Washington http://kinginstitute.stanford.edu>march-washington-jo https://www.life.com/history/the-march-on-washington-power-to-the-people Akuvumelekanga ukufotokopa eli phepha Tyhila iphepha Hosted by www.ecexams.co.za.