History Grade 12 P2 Eastern Cape Mock 2021 Addendum

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE KEREITE YA 12 LOETSE 2021 HISTORI PAMPIRI YA BOBEDI (P2) ATENTAMO Pampiri ena ena na le maqephe a 14.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 HISTORI P2 (KEKELETSO) (EC/LOETSE 2021) POTSO 1: KE ENG MATHATA AO MMUSO WA AFRIKA BORWA O ILENG WA TOBANA LE ONA KA DILEMO TSA 1980? MOHLODI 1A Mohlodi ona o ka tlase o hlalosa hore na hobaneng ho bile le kganyetso e eketsehileng ho kgethollo ya bo-1980. Kamora Merusu ya Soweto ya 1976, mmuso wa Afrika Borwa o etelletsweng pele ke P.W. Botha, e hlahisitse diphetoho tseo e reng ke dintlafatso, tse bitswang Total Strategy. Botha o boetse a elellwa matla a ho hanana ha batho ba batsho a kopaneng. Mmuso wa National Party (NP) qalong o ne o sebedisitse mokgwa wa 'ho arola le ho busa' ka ho arola setjhaba ka dihlopha tsa morabe (Sexhosa, Sezulu, jj) le ka ho tshwarana ka tsela e fapaneng. Karohano ena e ne e sa atlehe mme kganyetso kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe e ntse e momahana le ho feta. Ka hona mmuso o ile wa leka ho fumana mekgwa e metjha ya ho arola baahi. Leano la yona e ne e le ho amohela palo e nyane le e khethilweng ka hloko le ho laolwa ha batho ba batsho sehlopheng se mahareng. Monahano e ne e le hore, ka ho theha sehlopha sa borui, sa batho ba batsho ba bohareng, ba tla tshehetsa kgethollo ya mmuso le mmuso hobane jwale ba hloka kgethollo ya morabe ho boloka maemo a bona a phahameng (a phahameng), kganyetso ya batho ba batsho e tla fokotswa. Ka 1982 P.W. Mmuso wa Botha o fetisitse Molao wa Bantu Authorities Act wa toropo e neng e le teko ya ho fana ka matla a eketsehileng ho makhanselara a lehae a batho ba batsho makeisheneng. Mmuso le ona o lekile ho hlakisa lekgalo dipakeng tsa Coloured le India le Maafrika. Sena se entswe ka molao-motheo o motjha oo NP e o hlahisitseng ka 1983. Molao wa Motheo o thehile mokgwa o motjha wa palamente, o bitswang Palamente ya Tricameral. Mmuso wa Botha o kgothalelitse hore matla a dipolotiki Afrika Borwa a arolelanwe ba basweu, ba mmala le Maindia, ka matlo a arohaneng a palamente a tla thewa bakeng sa morabe ka mong. Molaotheo o motjha o qalile ho sebetsa ka 1984, o nang le ditho tse 178 (tsohle tse tshweu) House of Assembly, ditho tse mashome a robedi a metso e mehlano (tsa mmala) Ntlo ya Baemedi le Ntlo ya Baemdi ya ditho tse mashome a mane a metso e mehlano. Ya okametseng matlo a mararo e ne e le mopresidente wa naha. NP e boetse ya hlahisa diphetoho tse ding ho kgethollo ya morabe. Melao e ikgethileng ya kgethollo ya morabe e ile ya nolofatswa kapa ya tloswa, jwalo ka Separate Amenities Act esita le e meng ya yona mabapi le taolo ya phallo le ho boloka mesebetsi. [Ho tloha www.sahistory.org.za>article>apartheid-era-1980s. E fihlile ka la 12 February 2021.] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/LOETSE 2021) HISTORI P2 (KEKELETSO) 3 MOHLODI 1B Qabolang /Kathunu ena e ka tlase e bontsha ho thewa ha Palamente ya Tri-Cameral ke molaotheo o motjha wa 1983. [Ho tloha sahistory.org.za. E fihlile ka la 12 February 2021.] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 HISTORI P2 (KEKELETSO) (EC/LOETSE 2021) MOHLODI 1C Mohlodi ona o ka tlase o hlalosa karabelo ya United Democratic Front (UDF) mabapi le dintlafatso tse kentsweng tshebetsong ke mmuso wa kgethollo dilemong tsa bo- 1980. Lebaka le leng leo ka lona dilemo tsa bo 1980 di ileng tsa ba mabifi hakana le ho fallisetsa Afrika Borwa phetohong ke hobane bohanyetsi ba kgethollo ya morabe bo ile ba kopana. Ho bile le diketso tse ngata ho tswa ho batho, mme leha bohle e ne e le karolo ya dihlopha tse fapaneng tsa setjhaba, ba sebeditse hammoho molemong o le mong. Mokgatlo o bohlokwa haholo dilemong tsa bo-1980 e ne e le United Democratic Front (UDF). E thehilwe ho arabela pitso ya Ngaka Allan Boesak kopanong ya Transvaal Anti- South African Indian Council of Congress. O kgothaleditse hore kganyetso yohle ya molaotheo wa 1983 e tlameha ho ba bonngweng, kapa kamoo a hlalositseng: “Dipolotiki tsa ho hana di hloka bonngwe.” UDF e ile ya tsebiswa naheng ka bophara kopanong e neng e tshwaretswe Mitchell’s Plain ka la 20 Phato 1983. E ne e na le makgolo a basali, baithuti, dikereke, mekgatlo ya basebetsi, setso, dipapali le dihlopha tse ding. Ha ho tsebiswa Dr Allan Boesak o boletse puong ya hae, “Re batla ditokelo tsohle tsa rona, re di batla mona mme re di batla hona jwale.” Nakong ya 1983 ho isa 1989 UDF e ile ya ipona e le e nngwe ya mekgatlo e hlahelletseng ya dipolotiki Afrika Bora e nang le mekgatlo e fetang 600 e hokahaneng. Ba nkile qeto ka letshwao le lepetjo le reng, 'UDF Unites, Apartheid Divides'. UDF e atlehile haholo phutuhong ya bona ya pele ya 'O se ke wa Vouta' bakeng sa Palamente ya Tri-cameral, mme palo ya dikgetho dikgethong e ne e le tlase haholo. Ka Pherekgong 1984 e ile ya tsebisa 'Million Signature Campaign' kgahlano le kgethollo ya morabe. Kamora ho thewa, UDF e phatlaladitse hore e batla ho theha demokrasi ya nnete eo ho yona maAfrika Borwa kaofela a ka nkang karolo le ho theha Afrika Borwa e le' nngwe, e se nang kgethollo ya morabe, e sa arohaneng. [Ho tloha www.globalsecurity.org>world>war>south-africa5.htm. E fihlile ka la 12 February 2021.] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/LOETSE 2021) HISTORI P2 (KEKELETSO) 5 MOHLODI 1D Mohlodi ona o hlalosa meketjana ya rente e qalileng ke setjhaba setjhabeng sa toropo ya Mamelodi ka 1986. Bopaki ba hore tsebo ya dipolotiki makeisheneng e ne e se e lwantshana le ho feta (e mabifi) e hlahile ka selemo sa 1986 ha mokgahlelo wa ho hira rente o hasana ho ya fihla metseng e meng e 54 naheng ka bophara. Sena se ama malapa a ka bang 300 000 mme se jetse mmuso bonyane R40 milione ka kgwedi. Ditshebetso tsa rente e ne e le karabelo ditletlebong tsa moruo le dipolotiki. Ditletlebo tsa moruo di ne di kenyelletsa boemo le boleng ba ho iphedisa ha ditoropo (pholoho): ho theoha ha meputso ya nnete ha infleishene e eketsa theko ya dijo tsa mantlha le dipalangwang ka 20%, ho tlallana ka karolelano ya naha ya batho ba 12 ka lelapeng, kgaello e kgolo ya matlo, ho phahama ha rente le ditshebeletso diqoso (ka dinako tse ding ka 100%) le ho hloka mosebetsi ho ntseng ho hola. Ditletlebo tsa dipolotiki dine di hokahantswe le ho hloleha ha mmuso ho fa batho ba batsho ditokelo tsa dipolotiki ka kakaretso le ho phehella ho se tshwanelehe le bonyatsi ba boholong ba lehae ba batsho haholoholo. Ka hona, baahi ba ile ba hlasela le ho tjhesa meaho ya mmuso mme ba batla ho senya dikarolo tsohle tsa tsamaiso ya kgethollo. Ditlhaselo tse ngata di entswe malapeng a mapolesa a batho ba batsho le makhanselara a toropo. Pampitshana ya tlhahiso leseding ya UDF ya Phato 1986 e bontshitse hore rente e ne e sa lefshwe hobane batho ba mpa ba sa kgone ho e lefella. Tlhaselo ya rente ke … karolo ya boiteko ba ho etsa hore kgethollo ya morabe e se ke ya sebetsa. Ho fapana le ditheko tsa bareki, tse neng di ikemiseditse ho hatella mmuso ka phaello e tshweu ya kgwebo e tshweu, ho hira ditshwantsho ho phephetsa mmuso ka kotloloho. Moporesidente Botha o ile a kenya tshebetsong molao wa tshireletso ho sebetsana le mathata ana. Bohareng ba 1985 o ile a beha ya pele letotong la maemo a tshohanyetso dibakeng tse fapaneng tse nang le mathata a Afrika Borwa. [Ho tloha https://markswilling.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/ UNITED- DEMOCRATIC-FRONT-AND- TOWNSHIP-REVOLT.pdf. E fihlile ka la 12 February 2021.] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 HISTORI P2 (KEKELETSO) (EC/LOETSE 2021) POTSO 2: NA MOKGATLO WA TSHWARELO WA KOMISHINI YA NNETE LE PUISANO (TRC) O ILE WA TLISA PHELETSO HO LELAPA LA DR NEIL AGGETT? MOHLODI 2A Mohlodi o ka tlase o hlalosa karolo eo Dr. Neil Aggett a e nkileng mokgatlongwoa basebetsi le diketsahalo tse lebisitseng lefung la hae. Neil Aggett, moAfrika Borwa wa pele ya mosweu ya hlokahetseng teronkong nakong ya kgethollo o hlahetse Kenya. Lelapa la Aggett le ile la fallela Afrika Borwa ka 1964. Aggett ya e-ba ngaka. Boikwetliso ba hae Sepetleleng se Seholo sa Mthatha le Tembisa, tse neng di le dibakeng tse "futsanehileng", di kentse letsoho tlhokomelong ya hae ya setjhaba. O bone bofuma bo fetelletseng le mafu a amang basebetsi ba batho ba batsho dipetleleng tsena tse nang le batho ba bangata, tse se nang le thepa e ntle. Sena se ne se tla lebisa ho keneng ha hae mokgatlong wa mekgatlo ya basebetsi, moo a ileng a tuma ka ho lwantsha sesosa sa basebetsi ba African Food and Canning Worker Union. Aggett o ile a tshwarwa ka lebaka la ho nka karolo ha hae mokgatlong wa basebetsi tlasa Molao wa Bokgukguni. O ile a iswa John Vorster Square, moo a ileng a hlongwa dipotso kgafetsa, a otlwa le ho hlokofatswa ke diofisiri tse kgethehileng tsa Lekala, tse ileng tsa mo nka (a mo nka) e le makomonisi. Ka la 5 Hlakola 1982, Aggett o ile a iphanyeha ka sekarefo. Aggett e bile motho wa bo51 ya ileng a hlokahala a le ditlamong tsa mapolesa. Bonyane 15 000 e bile teng lepatong la hae, mme lefu la hae le ile la baka boipelaetso le diteraeke tse atileng. [Ho tloha www.news24.com>news24>southafrica>news>explained-who-was-neil-aggett-and-why-he- importantimportant-20200122. E fihlile ka la 4 February 2021.] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/LOETSE 2021) HISTORI P2 (KEKELETSO) 7 MOHLODI 2B Setshwantsho sena se bontsha motshehetsi ya maswabi ka lefu la Neil Aggett le etsahetseng ka la 13 Hlakola 1982. [Ho tloha https:www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-02-04-remembering-neil-aggett-the-modest- idealist-who-died-for-his-beliefs-39- years-ago. E fihlile ka la 12 Phupu 2021.] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 HISTORI P2 (KEKELETSO) (EC/LOETSE 2021) MOHLODI 2C Mohlodi o ka tlase o shebana haholo le ho bulwa hape ha dipatlisiso mabapi le maemo a lebisitseng polaong ya Neil Aggett. Hoo e ka bang mashome a mane a dilemo hamorao, ho bulwa botjha ha patlisiso e mabapi le lefu le neng le kwaletswe Neil Aggett ho ka qetella ho hlahisitse dikarabo le nnete. Patlisiso e ile ya hlakola mapolesa a kgethollo ya morabe, diofisiri tsa lekala la tshireletso, ka phoso. Ba bitsitse lefu la Aggett ho ipolaya. Metswalle ya hae le ba lelapa ha ba e-so dumele. Lelapa, metswalle le sehlopha sa batshehetsi, ho kenyeletswa le babuelli ba ditokelo tsa botho, ba phephetse Bolaodi ba Naha ba Botshotshisi (NPA) ho tloha ka 2003 hore nyewe ya Aggett le ya baitseki ba bang e ntjhafatswe. Mapolesa a Lekala la Tshireletso, Lieutenant Steven Whitehead le Major Arthur Conwright, ba ile ba suptjwa e le bahlokofatsi ba ka sehloohong ba Aggett, ba hlokahetse. Le ha ho le jwalo, ofisiri ya mehleng ya tshireletso ya lekala la tshireletso Nick Deetlefs, eo e neng e le e mong wa ba hlongwang dipotso ba qoswa ka ho hlokofatsa baitseki ba dipolotiki, o ne a phethela bopaki ba hae phuputsong e buletsweng botjha mabapi le lefu la moitseki ya kgahlano le kgethollo ya morabe Dr Neil Aggett. O ile a dumela hore o ne a buile leshano phuputsong e fetileng ya Aggett, e neng e kenyelletsa ho pata polelo ya hae ya hore Aggett o itse ha a sa batla ho phela. Deetlefs o ile a qosa lekala la tshireletso ka hore le mo laetse hore a bue leshano ka tshebetso ya bona, a eketsa ka hore o nkile qeto ya hore o tla bua nnete kamora molao boeletsi … 'Ha ho na motho ya ntshosang (ya ntshosang) hona jwale kapa ya mpolellang hore na ke reng. Baemedi ba ka ba molao ba ile ba mpolella mme ba ntemosa hore ke lokela ho bua nnete. Qalong Deetlefs o ne a boleletse lekgotla hore tlhokofatso ya batshwaruwa ba dipolotiki e ne e le tlwaelo mokatong o tummeng wa leshome wa Seteishene sa Sepolesa sa John Vorster, empa a re ha a tsebe hore na ke mang ya ikarabellang tlhokofatsong kamora ho botswa hore a rehe diofisiri tsa tshireletso tse hlasetseng batshwaruwa. Moemedi wa lelapa la Aggett o bontshitse boikemisetso ba bona ba ho phehella qoso ya botlokotsebe kgahlano le Deetlefs jwalo ka ha ba mo qosa ka ho kwahela tlhokofatso le polao ya Aggett. [Ho tloha https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/neil-aggett-inquest-blow-to-deetlefs-credibility-43044277. E fihlile ka la 24 Hlakola 2020.] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/LOETSE 2021) HISTORI P2 (KEKELETSO) 9 MOHLODI 2D Sekgetjhana se latelang se hlalosa puisano ya mookameli oa mehleng wa TRC, Yasmin Sooka e neng e tshwerwe le Jill Burger, kgaitseli ya Neil Aggett, Lekgotleng le Phahameng la Johannesburg ka la 20 Pherekgong 2020. Sena e ne e le patlisisong ya bobedi ya hore na lefu la hae le amme lelapa la bona jwang. Mapolesa a mangata a tshireletso, ho kenyeletswa Cronwright le Whitehead, ha ba etsa kopo ya tshwarelo ho TRC. Ka hona, ho bile le teko e tsitsitseng ya baitseki, lelapa le sehlopha sa tshehetso sa Neil Aggett ho phehella (ho sutumetsa) hore naha ya kamora kgethollo ya morabe e lelekise bahlokofatsi ba Aggett. Mokhomishenara wa mehleng wa TRC, Yasmin Sooka, o re ho bulwa ha dipatlisiso ho tswaya nako ya bohlokwa bakeng sa lelapa la Aggett le malapa a mang a mangata ho ithuta ka se hlileng se etsahetseng ho ba hlokofalitsweng ka sehloho ke mapolesa a tshireletso. Sooka o re lelapa le ikemiseditse ho fihlela sehlohlolong sa se etsahetseng, empa mapolesa a mangata a mehleng a kgethollo ya molao – bao ba bang ba bona ba neng ba le diofising tsa botsamaisi – ba ntse ba ikopanya "ho thibela tlhahisoleseling efe kapa efe e hlahang mabapi le dintho tse ba amang". Jill Burger o bolelletse lekgotla hore lelapa le dula le dumela hore Neil ha a ipolaya, leha qeto ya 1982 e ile ya hlakola mapolesa ka phoso efe kapa efe. “A ka be a sa ipolaya le ka mohla. E ne e le monna ya matla. Ke dumela hore mapolesa a ne a rerile lefu la hae, kapa o ipolaile ka lebaka la tshwaro e mpe eo a e fumaneng. Ba mo bolaile. ” Le ha maikutlo a botjhaba a Aggett a ile a baka dikgohlano le ntate wa hae ya neng a sa tsebe dipolotiki haholo, Burger o re ntate wa hae o ne a tshwenyehile ka lefu la mora wa hae e monyane. “Ntate o ile a lla. E ne e le monna ya robehileng, ”o bolelletse lekgotla. O ile a re takatso ya ntate wa hae ya ho shwa ke hore babolai ba mora wa hae ba nkuwe ba sa sebetse. O ile a eketsa ka hore ba bang ba metswalle ya ntatae ya neng a hloka mamello ba ne ba le tlasa mohopolo wa hore Neil ‘o fumane se mo lokelang. Ntate ha a ka a hlola a bua le batho bao hape. ” “Ke ntse ke hlonama ebile ke sekisa meokgo hobane o ne a phela bophelo bo nang le thuso. O bile le ho hongata hoo a ka ho nehelang mme kaofela re lahlehetswe. ” O ile a tswela pele ho re "takatso ya ka ke hore a be le kgotso le hore mme le ntate ba phele ka kgotso. Mme wa ka ya futsanehileng ya lerato, ke thabile hore ebe ha a ka a phela ho fihlela a utlwa dintho tse tswang ho patlo. " [Ho tloha https:www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-02-04-remembering-neil-aggett-the-modest-idealist- who-died-for-his-beliefs-39-years-ago. E fihliloe ka la 4 February 2021.] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 HISTORI P2 (KEKELETSO) (EC/LOETSE 2021) POTSO 3: LEFATSHE LA GLOBAL COVID-19 LE NA LE TSHUSUMETSO EFE KA LEFATSHENG LA AFRIKA BORWA? MOHLODI 3A Mohlodi ona o hlalosa tshimoloho ya sewa sa Covid-19 le sepheo sa yona se reretsweng ho ama Afrika Borwa. COVID-19 e ile ya tsebahatswa ka lekgetlo la pele Profinseng ya Hubei, Toropong ea Wuhan, Chaena karolong e qetellang ya 2019. Nakwana kamora moo, lefu lena le ile la qala ho baka pherekano le phello e mpe (e kotsi) ya sewa sena e ile ya qobella Mokgatlo wa Lefatshe wa Bophelo (WHO) ho e phatlalatsa e le sewa sa lefatshe. Afrika Borwa, nyewe ya pele e netefalitsweng ya COVID-19 e tlalehilwe ka la 5 Hlakubele 2020. Tshabo ya sekgahla se boletsweng esale pele seo sewa se neng se tla tshwaetsa batho se kgothalelitse mmuso wa Afrika Borwa ho phatlalatsa sewa sena boemo ba naha ba koduwa ho latela Molao wa Tsamaiso ya Dikoduwa. Boemo ba naha ba koduwa bo phatlalalitsweng ka la 15 Hlakubele 2020 ke Mopresidente wa Afrika Borwa Cyril Ramaphosa qalong o ne o ena le dithibelo tsa maeto, dikeletso tsa maeto, ho nyahamisa dipalangwang tsa setjhaba, ho kwalwa ha dikolo, le ho thibela dikopano tsa batho ba fetang 100. Kamora moo, ka la 23 Hlakubele 2020, Mopresidente Ramaphosa o ile a theha thibelo ya naha e neng e tla nka matsatsi a 21 ho tloha ka la 26 Hlakubele 2020 ho isa ka la 16 Mmesa 2020. Tlohelo e ne e bolela hore hara mekgatlo e meng e neng e tla kwalwa hang hang ke dikolo le ditsi tsohle tsa thuto e phahameng. Ka la 9 Mmesa 2020, Mopresidente wa Afrika Borwa o phatlaladitse hore ho notlela ho tla atoloswa ka matsatsi a mang a 14. Ka ho kwalwa ha naha, ho ka bolela hore khalendara ya thuto ya selemo sa 2020 e tla ameha. Ho fokotsa boholo ba ditshitiso tsa thuto, ditsi tse mmalwa tsa thuto di arabetse ka ho fetisetsa tse ding tsa dithuto ho di-platform tsa bona tsa inthanete. Bakeng sa thuto ya mantlha, Mekgatlo e meng eo e seng ya mmuso e entse hore disebeliswa tsa ho ithuta di fumanehe. [Ho tloha https://www.mdpi.com. E fihlile ka la 13 Phupu 2021.] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/LOETSE 2021) HISTORI P2 (KEKELETSO) 11 MOHLODI 3B Mohlodi o ka tlase o hlalosa tshusumetso ya setjhaba eo sewa sa COVID-19 se bileng le yona Afrika Borwa. COVID-19 e bontshitse tshusumetso ya yona e ka bang kotsi (e senyang) dibakeng tse ding, empa ke sesosa se itseng sa ngongoreho Afrika Borwa. Le ha maano a bophelo bo botle ba sechaba a kang ho sotha sechaba, ho rwala dimaske le ho hlatswa matsoho kgafetsa ho kgothatswa, maano a jwalo ke tokelo hobane ba bangata ba ke ke ba kgona ho a lefella metseng e nang le batho ba bangata e leng 13% ya malapa ohle, a mangata a se nang metsi. Sistimi ya bophelo bo botle dinaheng tse nang le tjhelete e ngata diya otloloha, empa Afrika Borwa batho ba bangata ba itshetleha tsamaisong ya bophelo bo botle ya setjhaba e haellwang ke disebeliswa ebile e sokola ho fihlela ditlhoko tsa sewa sena. Le ha vaerase e sa kgetholle ho latela morabe, bong kapa meedi, e kanna ya ama bafumanehi le ba nang le mafu a mang a mangata. Mopresidente Cyril Ramaphosa o boletse hore ho hlokahala mehato e potlakileng le e matla ho thibela ho ata ha vaerase. Moporesidente o phatlalalitse Boemo ba Dikoduwa ka la 15 Hlakubele 2020, ka hona a behela meedi ditokelong le tokolohong tse ding ka hare ho Afrika Borwa. Nakong ya diphatlalatso Afrika Borwa e ne e na le dinyewe tse ngata ka ho fetisisa Afrika. Dithibelo tse hlahisitsweng e ne e le tse thata ka ho fetisisa (tse thata) Afrika, jwalo ka ha Afrika Borwa e ne e le naha e le nngwe feela kontinenteng ya Afrika e hlokang hore baahi bohle ba yona ba dule hae. Mehato e phatlalalitsweng ka la 15 Hlakubele le la 26 Hlakubele e emela meedi e felletseng ka ho fetesisa tokolohong ya ho tsamaya le ho bokaneng ha Afrika Borwa ho tloha ka kgethollo ya morabe. Ho hloleha ho latela melawana ena ho ka fella ka hore o lefiswe kapa o kwallwe tjhankaneng dikgwedi tse tsheletseng kapa ho feta. Ho tloha ha bodulo ho dumellwa feela ho reka thepa ya bohlokwa, ho ya ngakeng, ho reka dihlahiswa tsa bongaka, ho bokella dithuso tsa setjhaba kapa ho ya lepatong la batho ba sa feteng 50. [Ho tloha https:/www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/sa-shares-coronavirus-experiences-bricks. E fihlile ka la 25 Pherekhong 2021.] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 12 HISTORI P2 (KEKELETSO) (EC/LOETSE 2021) MOHLODI 3C Mohlodi o ka tlase o hlalosa ditlamorao tsa moruo tseo sewa sa COVID-19 se bileng le tsona Afrika Borwa. Makala a sotlehileng ka ho fetisisa moruong a kenyelletsa masela, ditshebeletso tsa thuto, dijo le bodulo (ho kenyeletswa bohahlaudi), dino tse tahang, kwae, dihlahiswa tsa kgalase le dieta. Ho tloha hara kgitla ka la 26 Hlakubele 2020, ho ka rekiswa feela thepa ya bohlokwa, Sena se kenyelletsa dihlahiswa tsa dijo le diphoofolo le dihlahiswa tsa bohlweki, phepelo ya bongaka le sepetlele, mafura, sepheo, kgase le thepa ya mantlha, ho kenyeletswa nako ya moya le motlakase. Ho rekisa jwala le disakerete ho ne ho thibetswe. Ditaolo tsa theko ya thepa e itseng le tsona di hlahisitswe, ho kenyeletswa pampiri ya ntlwana, sesepa sa letsoho le dihlahiswa tse ding tsa dijo. Ho hloleha ho latela molao ho ka fella ka hore ho lefiswe kapa ho kwallwa tjhankaneng nako e ka etsang dikgwedi tse tsheletseng. Moruo o ile wa putlama habohloko ha boholo ba dikarolo di tobane le ho fokotseha ha tlhahiso ya bona ka lebaka la ho notlelwa. Basebetsi ba ile ba fellwa ke mosebetsi mme tlhokeho ya mesebetsi ya phahama. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) e theohile ho tloha ho 5, 1 le ho fihla ho 7, 9 lekgolong ka 2020. Ka lebaka la phokotso ya lekeno la malapa ho tla ba le phokotso ya tshebediso ya malapa, e tla mpefatsa phokotso ya tlhahiso. Lekeno lena le fokotsehileng la malapa le lona le tla lebisa ho eketseheng ha bofuma, haholoholo ho ba seng ba ntse ba le tlokotsing (ba hlokang thuso). [Ho tloha https://reliefweb.int>reportand covid-19-south-afri-so ca … E fihlile ka la 7 Phupu 2021.] Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/LOETSE 2021) HISTORI P2 (KEKELETSO) 13 MOHLODI 3D Setshwantshiso sena se bontsha Leqhubu la Boraro la Covid le amang Afrika Borwa le tlhokeho ya ho sireletsa maAfrika Borwa. [Ho tloha Mining Cartoons MiningWiikly.com … Accessed on 8 July 2021.] Leqhubu la Boraro la Covid E ntse e le tshireletso ya rona e ntlehadi Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 14 HISTORI P2 (KEKELETSO) (EC/LOETSE 2021) DITEBOHO LEHLOA Mehlodi ya pono le bopaki bo bong ba nalane di nkuwe ho tse latelang: https:www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-02-04-remembering-neil-aggett-the- modest-idealist-who-died-for-his-beliefs-39- years-ago http://indianexpress.com/aricle/explained/coronavirus-india/lockdown-migrant- workers-mass-exodus-6348834/ https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/reports/volume3/chapter6/subsection24.htm https:/www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/sa-shares-coronavirus-experiences-bricks https://thewire.in/world/bricks-and-covid-rising-powers-in-a-time-of-pandemic Mining Cartoons MiningWiikly.com … sahistory.org.za Times Live 7/2/2021 www.globalsecurity.org>world>war>south-africa5.htm www.news24.com>news24>southafrica>news>explained-who-was-neil-aggett-and- why-he-was-important-20200122 www.sahistory.org.za>article>apartheid-era-1980’s Difuperweng tsa pampiri ena di se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Downloaded from hlayiso.com

Downloaded from hlayiso.com

14 HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Visual sources and other historical evidence were taken from the following: https:www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-02-04-remembering-neil-aggett-the- modest-idealist-who-died-for-his-beliefs-39- years-ago http://indianexpress.com/aricle/explained/coronavirus-india/lockdown-migrant- workers-mass-exodus-6348834/ https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/reports/volume3/chapter6/subsection24.htm https:/www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/sa-shares-coronavirus-experiences-bricks https://thewire.in/world/bricks-and-covid-rising-powers-in-a-time-of-pandemic Mining Cartoons MiningWiikly.com … sahistory.org.za Times Live 7/2/2021 www.globalsecurity.org>world>war>south-africa5.htm www.news24.com>news24>southafrica>news>explained-who-was-neil-aggett-and- why-he-was-important-20200122 www.sahistory.org.za>article>apartheid-era-1980’s Copyright reserved Please turn over Downloaded from hlayiso.com

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) 13 SOURCE 3D This cartoon depicts the Third Covid Wave affecting South Africa and the need to protect South Africans. [From Mining Cartoons MiningWiikly.com. Accessed on 8 July 2021.] Copyright reserved Please turn over Downloaded from hlayiso.com

12 HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) SOURCE 3C The source below describes the economic effects that the COVID-19 pandemic had on South Africa. The economic sectors most disadvantaged include textiles, educational services, catering and accommodation (including tourism), beverages, tobacco, glass products and footwear. As of midnight on 26 March 2020, only essential goods may be sold. This includes any food and animal food products and hygiene products, medical and hospital supplies, fuel, coal, gas and basic goods, including airtime and electricity. The selling of alcohol and cigarettes were prohibited. Price controls on certain goods have also been introduced, including toilet paper, hand sanitiser and some food products. Failure to comply can result in a fine or imprisonment of up to six months. The economy was severely hit as most of the sectors faced a decrease in their productivity due to the lockdown. Workers were laid-off and unemployment rose. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) fell from 5,1 and up to 7,9 percent in 2020. Given the decrease on household income there will be a decrease in household consumption, which will further fuel the decrease in production. This reduced household income will also lead to increased poverty, especially among the already vulnerable (helpless). [From https://reliefweb.int>reportand covid-19-south-afri-so ca … Accessed on 07 July 2021.] Copyright reserved Please turn over Downloaded from hlayiso.com

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) 11 SOURCE 3B The source below describes the social impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on South Africa. COVID-19 has shown its potential devastating (damaging) impact elsewhere, but it is a particular cause for concern in South Africa. While public health strategies such as social distancing, wearing of masks and regular handwashing are encouraged, such strategies are a privilege as many cannot afford it in the overcrowded, informal settlements that is 13% of all households, where many don’t have access to running water. The health systems in high income countries are being stretched, but in South Africa most people rely on the public health system that is under-resourced and is struggling to meet the demands of the pandemic. While the virus does not discriminate on the basis of race, sex or borders, it is likely to affect the poor and those suffering from other comorbidities (multiple illnesses). President Cyril Ramaphosa stated that ‘urgent and drastic’ measures were necessary to limit the spread of the virus. A State of Disaster was declared by the President on 15 March 2020, thereby limiting certain rights and freedoms within South Africa. At the time of the announcements South Africa had the highest number of cases in Africa. The restrictions introduced were the most stringent (strict) in Africa, as South Africa was then the only country on the African continent to require all of its citizens to remain at home. The measures announced on 15 March and 26 March represents the most comprehensive limitations on the freedom of movement and assembly of all South Africa since apartheid. A failure to adhere to these regulations may result in a fine or imprisonment of six months or more. The leaving of a residence is only permitted to buy essential goods, seek medical attention, buy medical products, collect social grants or attend a funeral of no more than 50 people. [From https:/www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/sa-shares-coronavirus-experiences-bricks. Accessed on 25 January 2021.] Copyright reserved Please turn over Downloaded from hlayiso.com

10 HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) QUESTION 3: WHAT IMPACT DID THE GLOBAL COVID-19 PANDEMIC HAVE ON SOUTH AFRICA? SOURCE 3A This source explains the origin of the Covid-19 pandemic and its intended impact on South Africa. COVID-19 was first identified in the Hubei Province, City of Wuhan, China in the latter part of 2019. Soon after, this disease began to wreak havoc (chaos) and the devastating (harmful) effect of the pandemic forced the World Health Organisation (WHO) to declare it as a global pandemic. In South Africa, the first confirmed case of COVID-19 was recorded on 5 March 2020. The fear of the predicted rate at which the pandemic was to infect people motivated the South African government to declare this pandemic a national state of disaster in terms of the Disaster Management Act. The national state of disaster declared on 15 March 2020 by the President of South Africa Cyril Ramaphosa initially contained partial travel bans, travel advisories, discouraging public transport, the closing of schools, and prohibiting gatherings of more than 100 people. Subsequently, on 23 March 2020, President Ramaphosa instituted a national lockdown that would last for 21 days from 26 March 2020 to 16 April 2020. The lockdown meant that among other organisations that would immediately close were schools and all institutions of higher learning. On 9 April 2020, the President of South Africa announced that the lockdown would be extended by a further 14 days. With the national lockdown, it would mean that the academic calendar for the year 2020 would be affected. To reduce the extent of academic disruptions, several learning institutions responded by moving some of the courses to their online platforms. For basic education, some Non-Governmental Organisations made learning materials available. [From https://www.mdpi.com. Accessed on 13 July 2021.] Copyright reserved Please turn over Downloaded from hlayiso.com

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) 9 SOURCE 2D The following extract describes an interview by former TRC commissioner, Yasmin Sooka that was held with Jill Burger, Neil Aggett’s sister, at the Johannesburg High Court on 20 January 2020. This was at the second inquest of how his death affected their family. Many security police, including Cronwright and Whitehead, did not apply for amnesty at the TRC. Therefore, there has been a sustained attempt by activists, the family and the Neil Aggett support group to lobby (push) for the post-apartheid state to pursue Aggett’s torturers. Former TRC commissioner, Yasmin Sooka, says the opening of the inquest marks an important moment for Aggett’s family and many other families to learn about what really happened to those that were brutally tortured by the security police. Sooka said the family is determined to get to the bottom of what happened, but that many former apartheid police officers – some of whom were in command structures – have been regrouping “to prevent any information emerging around things that implicate them”. Jill Burger told the court the family always believed that Neil did not commit suicide, despite a 1982 ruling that cleared the police of any wrongdoing. “He would have never committed suicide. He was a strong man. I believe that the police officers either staged his death, or he committed suicide as a result of the brutal treatment he received. They killed him.” Although Aggett’s socialist views had led to clashes with his less politically aware father, Burger said her father had been distraught about his youngest son’s death. “My father could not stop weeping. He was a broken man,” she told the court. She said her father’s dying wish was that his son’s killers be brought to book. She added that some of her late father’s conservative friends had been under the impression that Neil ‘had got what he deserved’. “My father never spoke to those people again.” “I do still get sad and teary because he was living such a useful life. He had so much more to contribute and we’ve all missed out.” She further continued to say “my wish is that he is at peace and that my mother and father are at peace. My poor loving mother, I’m glad she didn’t live to hear the things that are coming out of the inquest.” [From https:www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-02-04-remembering-neil-aggett-the-modest-idealist-who- died-for-his-beliefs-39-years-ago. Accessed on 4 February 2021.] Copyright reserved Please turn over Downloaded from hlayiso.com

8 HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) SOURCE 2C The source below focuses on the reopening of the inquest into the circumstances that led to the murder of Neil Aggett. Nearly four decades later, the reopening of the inquest into the death in detention of Neil Aggett may finally yield answers and truth. An inquest cleared the apartheid police, security branch officers, of wrongdoing. They called Aggett’s death a suicide. His friends and family have never believed it. Family, friends and a team of supporters, including human rights lawyers, have challenged the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) since 2003 to have Aggett’s case and those of other activists be reinvestigated. Security Branch policemen, Lieutenant Steven Whitehead and Major Arthur Conwright, who were identified as Aggett’s chief torturers, have died. However, former security branch police officer Nick Deetlefs, who was among the interrogators accused of torturing political activists, was concluding his testimony at the reopened inquest into the death of anti- apartheid activist Dr Neil Aggett. He admitted that he had lied in the previous Aggett inquest, which included concealing his claim that Aggett had said that he did not want to live anymore. Deetlefs accused the security branch of having instructed him to lie about their operations, adding that he had decided that he would tell the truth after legal advice … ‘There is no one that is intimidating (threatening) me now or telling me what to say. My legal representatives told me and warned me that I should tell the truth’. Deetlefs had initially told the court that torture of political detainees was routine practice at the notorious 10th floor of John Vorster Square Police Station, but said he did not know who was responsible for the torture after being asked to name the security officers who assaulted detainees. Aggett’s family representative indicated their intention to pursue criminal prosecution against Deetlefs as they accused him of covering up the torture and murder of Aggett. [From https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/neil-aggett-inquest-blow-to-deetlefs-credibility-43044277. Accessed on 24 February 2020.] Copyright reserved Please turn over Downloaded from hlayiso.com

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) 7 SOURCE 2B This photograph shows a supporter mourning the death of Neil Aggett that took place on 13 February 1982. [From https:www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-02-04-remembering-neil-aggett-the-modest-idealist- who-died-for-his-beliefs-39- years-ago. Accessed on 12 July 2021.] Copyright reserved Please turn over Downloaded from hlayiso.com

6 HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) QUESTION 2: DID THE AMNESTY PROCESS OF THE TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION (TRC) BRING CLOSURE TO THE FAMILY OF DR NEIL AGGETT? SOURCE 2A The source below explains the role that Dr. Neil Aggett played in the labour movement and the events that led to his death. Neil Aggett, the first white South African who died in detention during apartheid was born in Kenya. Aggett’s family moved to South Africa in 1964. Aggett became a medical doctor. His internship at the Mthatha General Hospital and in Tembisa, which were located in poor “black areas”, contributed to his social consciousness. He witnessed the extreme poverty and diseases affecting black workers in these overcrowded, poorly resourced hospitals. This would lead to his involvement in the trade union movement , where he became famous for fighting the cause of workers in the African Food and Canning Worker’s Union. Aggett was arrested for his involvement in the labour movement under the Terrorism Act. He was taken to John Vorster Square, where he was repeatedly interrogated, beaten and tortured by the Special Branch officers, which labelled (regarded) him as a communist. On 5 February 1982, Aggett hanged himself with a scarf. Aggett became the 51 st person to die in police detention. At least 15 000 attended his funeral, and his death sparked widespread protests and strikes. [From www.news24.com>news24>southafrica>news>explained-who-was-neil-aggett-and-why-he- importantimportant-20200122. Accessed on 4 February 2021.] Copyright reserved Please turn over Downloaded from hlayiso.com

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) 5 SOURCE 1D This source explains the rent boycotts embarked on by civil society in the township of Mamelodi in 1986. Evidence that political consciousness in the townships had become increasingly combative (aggressive) emerged during 1986 when the rent boycott spread to 54 townships countrywide. This involved about 300 000 households and cost the state at least R40 million per month. The rent boycotts were a response to both economic and political grievances. Economic grievances involved the level and quality of urban subsistence (survival): declining real wages as inflation increased the cost of basic foodstuff and transport by 20%, overcrowding with a national average of 12 people per household, massive housing shortages, rising rent and service charges (sometimes by 100%) and growing unemployment. Political grievances were linked to state failure to give blacks political rights in general and the persistent inadequacy and illegitimacy of the black local authorities in particular. Therefore, residents attacked and burned government buildings and sought to destroy all elements of the apartheid administration. Numerous attacks were made on the homes of black policemen and town councillors. An August 1986 UDF information pamphlet pointed out that rent was not being paid because ‘people are simply unable to afford it. The rent boycott is … part of an attempt to make apartheid unworkable.’ The rent boycott weakens the structures of the government and demonstrates that there can be no taxation without representation. Unlike consumer boycotts, which aimed at pressurising the state through the middle class white commercial interest, rent boycotts challenge the state directly. President Botha activated security legislation to deal with these crises. In mid-1985 he imposed the first in a series of state of emergencies in various troubled parts of South Africa. [From https://markswilling.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/ UNITED- DEMOCRATIC-FRONT-AND- TOWNSHIP-REVOLT.pdf. Accessed on 12 February 2021.] Copyright reserved Please turn over Downloaded from hlayiso.com

4 HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) SOURCE 1C This source below describes the reaction of the United Democratic Front (UDF) towards the reforms implemented by the apartheid government in the 1980s. One of the reasons why the 1980s became so violent and moved South Africa towards change was because the opposition to apartheid became united. There was mass action from the people, and although they were all part of different community groups, they acted together for the same aim. A very important organisation during the 1980s was the United Democratic Front (UDF). It was established in response to a call by Dr Allan Boesak at a meeting of the Transvaal Anti-South African Indian Council’s Congress. He suggested that all opposition to the 1983 constitution should be united, or as he put it, “the politics of refusal needed a united front.” The UDF was launched nationally at a meeting in Mitchell’s Plain on 20 August 1983. It consisted of hundreds of women, students, churches, trade unions, cultural, sporting and other groups. At the launch Dr Allan Boesak stated in his speech, “We want all our rights, we want it here and we want it now.” In the period from 1983 to 1989 the UDF established itself as one of the most prominent political movements in South Africa with more than 600 affiliated organisations. They decided on a logo and a slogan, ‘UDF Unites, Apartheid Divides.’ The UDF was quite successful in their initial ‘Don’t Vote’ campaign for the Tri- cameral Parliament, and voter turn-out at the elections was very low. In January 1984 it launched the ‘Million Signatures Campaign’ against apartheid. After its formation, the UDF declared it wanted to establish a true democracy in which all South Africans could participate and create a single, non-racial, unfragmented (undivided) South Africa. [From www.globalsecurity.org>world>war>south-africa5.htm. Accessed on 12 February 2021.] Copyright reserved Please turn over Downloaded from hlayiso.com

(EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) 3 SOURCE 1B This cartoon below depicts the creation of the Tri-cameral Parliament by the new constitution of 1983. [From sahistory.org.za. Accessed on 12 February 2021]. Copyright reserved Please turn over Downloaded from hlayiso.com

2 HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) (EC/SEPTEMBER 2021) QUESTION 1: WHAT WERE THE CHALLENGES THAT THE SOUTH AFRICAN GOVERNMENT FACED DURING THE 1980s? SOURCE 1A This source below explains why there was increased resistance to apartheid in the 1980s. After the Soweto Uprising of 1976, the South African government led by P.W. Botha, introduced changes which it claimed were reforms, called the ‘Total Strategy’. Botha also realised the strength of united black resistance. The National Party (NP) government had initially used a ‘divide and rule’ approach by dividing the population into ethnic (Xhosa, Zulu, etc) groups and by treating each other differently. This division was however failing and the resistance against apartheid becoming more and more united. The government therefore tried to find new ways of dividing the population. Its strategy was to admit a small and carefully chosen and controlled number of black people into the middle class. The thinking was that, by creating a richer, black middle class, who would support apartheid and the government because they now needed apartheid to keep their elevated (higher) positions, black resistance would be reduced. In 1982 P.W. Botha’s government passed the Urban Bantu Authorities Act which was an attempt to give more power to black local councillors in the townships. The government also tried to make the gap between Coloured, Indian and African more defined. This was done through the new constitution that the NP introduced in 1983. The constitution created a new parliamentary system, called the Tricameral Parliament. Botha’s government suggested that political power in South Africa be shared among Whites, Coloureds and Indians, with separate houses of parliament to be established for each racial group. The new constitution came into force in 1984, comprising of one hundred and seventy-eight (178) members (all white) House of Assembly, an eighty-five (85) member (coloured) House of Representatives and a forty-five (45) member (Indian) House of Delegates. Presiding over the three houses was the state president. The NP also introduced some other reforms to apartheid. Specific apartheid laws were relaxed or removed, such as the Separate Amenities Act and even some of them regarding influx control of black people to cities in South Africa and job reservation for whites. [From www.sahistory.org.za>article>apartheid-era-1980s. Accessed on 12 February 2021.] Copyright reserved Please turn over Downloaded from hlayiso.com

NATIONAL SENIOR SERTIFICATE GRADE 12 SEPTEMBER 2021 HISTORY P2 ADDENDUM This addendum consists of 14 pages. Downloaded from hlayiso.com