History Grade 12 P2 Eastern Cape Mock 2020 Addendum

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE IBANGA 12 SEPTEMBA 2020 HISTORY P2 ADDENDUM Esi sihlomelo sinamaphepha ali-14.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) UMBUZO 1: YALUPHEMBELELA NJANI ULUTSHA LOMZANTSI AFRIKA IFILOSOFI YE-BLACK CONSCIOUSNESS KWIMINYAKA YOWE1970s? ISOSI 1A Esi sicatshulwa sigxile kwintsingiselo yefilosofi yeBlack Consciousness kaSteve Biko ngowe1968. UBiko wayecacelwe gca kukuchatshazelwa kwengqondo yingcinezelo yexesha lakhe, nto leyo yake okwexeshana kwayenza buthathaka ipolitiki. Ipolitiki yayenziwe into yobuhlanga yingcinezelo, kungeso sizathu ukuba lo mbutho kuthiwe yiBlack Consciousness. Umyalezo wakhe wawulula kwaye ucace gca: Sukuba yinxalenye yokucinezelwa kwakho. Yayilungenelelo olubalulekileyo, iluluvo olutsha, lwabantu abatsha nolwahlukileyo, olwaluqokelela abantu ngelixa yonke umibutho yomzabalazo emikhulu yayivalwe umlomo neenkokeli zayo ziselubhacweni okanye zibanjiwe. Yayidala umanyano olutsha nolubalulekileyo, nto leyo yayinika iANC ‘umongomoya (oksijini) nobomi obutsha nto ezo zazidingeka kakhulu kulo mbutho ngelo xesha,’ kwatsho uWally Serota. I-Black Consciousness yayisebenza ngezigqibo ezenziwe ngemvisiswano. Yayibethelela ukucinga ngokuzimeleyo, ukuxomekeka kuwe, ubukroti nesidima. UBiko namahlakani akhe balugungqisa uvalomlomo olwalumi ngelo xesha. Ukwala kwesizukulwana esitsha esintsundu ukululamela impathombi, bengoyiki naxa sele bejongene nokufa, kwawutshintsha umzabalazi. UBiko ngokwakhe waphila ze wafela le nyani. Iqhawe leenguqu, isizukulwana selixa likaBiko, lakhuthaza inkcubeko yokungoyiki eluntwini. [Ithathwe Steve Biko by L. Wilson] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) 3 ISOSI 1B Le sosi ilandelayo inika ingcaciso yempembelelo yeBlack Consciousness Movement kuVeli Mbele owayehlala eSoweto ngowe1976. Ndikhulele kwimeko apho oontanga bam bebengabuxabisanga ubomi babo nababendithatha ngokuba ndinethamsanqa kukudibana neBlack Consciousness kwasebuncinaneni bam. I-Black Consciousness yandinceda ukuba ndizitshintshe ndibe ndim kwanokuba ndibe nokuzithemba ngendlela engana kulinganiswa. Ukujoyina kwam iBlack Consciousness Movement ndandineminyaka eli16. Ngelo xesha isimo sasisibi ngakwiBCM. Inkolelo yethu kwiBlack Consciousness yayomelele kangangokuba sasingazimiselanga kubaleka sizimele kuba kusithiwa soyika iziphathamandla ezazigrogrisa ‘ngokusebenza’ ngathi okanye ngokungasiqashi ukuba asiziyeki iinkolelo zepolitiki yethu. Oku kwasikhuthaza nangakumbi kwaye sathatha isigqibo sokuyisasaza nangakumbi ivangeli yeBlack Consciousness. Enkosi kwiBlack Consciousness, uninzi lwabakhule ngexesha lam baguqulwa babalulutsha oluntsundu olunesimilo nabathi ngemisebenzi yabo kuluntu bahlonitshwa kwaye baxatyiswa ngoogxa babo, ziintsapho naluluntu ngokubanzi. Susela oko ndathi ndadibana neBlack Consciousness ndaziva ndigqibelele, ndizazi ukuba ndingubani kwaye ngaphezu koko, nokubalulekileyo, ndizazi ukuba ndifanelwe yimbeko nesidima. [Ithathwe We Write What We Like by C. Van Wyk] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) ISOSI 1C Esi sicatshulwa sigxile kwimpembelelo yeBlack Consciousness Movement (BCM) kubafundi beminyaka yowe1970’s. Ngowe1976 iBlack Consciousness Movement (BCM) yayinamandla kakhulu kwaye abafundu abantsundu babephambili kumzabalazo. Uninzi lweenkokeli zabafundi zabanjwa ngamapolisa ze zatshutshiswa. Kula matyala ezepolitiki, urhulumente wayefuna ukubonisa ukuba abafundi abo babeyingozi kuba babesasaza iimbono zeBlack Consciousness. Amapolisa ayesithi iblack consciousness yayisenza abafundi babacaphukele abantu abamhlophe. Kwinyanga kaCanzibe, uSteve wafumana ithuba lokubonisa ukuba oko kwakungeyo nyani. Wayebizwe njengengqina lomkhuseli wabafundi abalithoba bombutho iSouth African Student Organisation (SASO) ababebanjiwe. Ingqina enkundleni yomthetho linako ukuthetha liviwa ngabantu bonke kwaye oko likuthethayo kusenosasazwa ilizwe lonke. Yayikokokuqala uSteve ethetha esidlangalaleni kwiminyaka emithathu. Waviwa lihlabathi lonke ethetha ngeBlack Consciousness. Wabonisa ukuba lo mbutho wawugazami kwenza abantsundu kuba babacaphukele abamhlophe. I-Black Consciousness yayifuna ukuba abantu abantsundu bazidle ngebala labo, bangabi neentloni. Ihlabathi lakuva kakuhle okwakuthethwa nguSteve, kodwa urhulumente woMzantsi Afrika akazange avume ukummamela. Kwakhula umsindo elokishini. Ngomhla we16 kweyeSilimela 1976 amawaka ngamawaka abafundi aqhankqalaza ezitalatweni ngokuchasene nemithetho yengcinezelo ngokobuhlanga. Amapolisa avulela ngerhuluwa (adubala) ze kwafa abafundi. [Ithathwe Steve Biko by L. Price] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) 5 ISOSI 1D Le yikhathuni eyenziwa nguZapiro ukukhumbuza ngoSteve Biko neyathi yapapashwa kwiDaily Maverick yomhla we19 kweyoMsintsi 2017. [Ithathwe Zapiro, Daily Maverick] (Martyred – uthetha ungcungcuthekiso (tortured)) Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) UMBUZO 2: IKOMISHINI YENYANI NOXOLELANISO YAWUSINGATHA NGEMPUMELELO NJANI UMBA WOKUGETYENGWA KUKA- AMY BIEHL? ISOSI 2A Esi sicatshulwa sichaza izizathu zokusungulwa kweTRC yipalamente yokuqala yedemokhrasi ngowe1995. Kunyaka emva konyulo, iKomiti yezoBulungisa yePalamente (Parliament’s Justice Portfolio Committee) yaqulunqa umthetho wokusungula iKomishini yeNyani noXolelaniso (TRC). IKomishini eyayenziwe ngamalungu alishumi elinesixhenkxe yathwaliswa uxanduva lokudandalazisa elubala kangangoko inako izizathu, uhlobo nobuzaza bonyhasho lwamalungelo oluntu olwenziwa Phakathi komhla 1 kweyoKwindla 1960 ukuza kuthi ga kowe1994, isenza uphando iphulaphula neengxelo. Eli xesha lalibonwa njengelona lixa apho zaziqatsele izenzo zolwaphulomthetho kumalungelo abantu zelixa lengcinezelo ngokobuhlanga. Kwakufuneka iququzelele uxolelo lwabantu abathe benza ingxelozono epheleleyo yezenzo zabo ezibi ezayanyaniswa neenjongo zepolitiki. Ngaphezu koko, iKomishini kwakufuneka ibuyisele ubuntu nesidima kumaxhoba, yenze iziphakamiso ngembuyekezo efanelekileyo ze ibhale ingxelo ngeziphumo zophando nemisebenzi yayo, yenze neziphakamiso zomakwenziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba akuphindi kunyhashwe amalungelo obuntu. IKomishini yeNyani noXolelaniso (TRC) yayineekomiti ezintathu. Eyokuqala yayiKomiti yokuNyhashwa kwamaLungelo oBuntu, neyayinoxanduva lwezenzo zokunyhashwa kwamalungelo obuntu ngokuthi iphulaphule iingxelo yenze nophando. Eyesibini yiyiKomiti yoXolelo, neyayinoxanduva lokuqwalasela izicelo zoxolelo. Kwakufuneka isebenzise iNorgard principles ukufumanisa ukuba ingaba isicelo silufanele kusini na uxolelo. Eyesithathu yayiKomiti yeMbuyekezo noLuleko (Reparation and Rehabilitation Committee) neyayinoxanduva lomgaqonkqubo wezembuyekezo ukubuyisela esiqhelweni iimpilo zamaxhoba nabaphuncula kwizenzo zokunyhashwa kwamalungelo obuntu. [Ithathwe Country of my Skull by A. Krog] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) 7 ISOSI 2B Esi sicatshulwa sigxile kwizizathu nakwindlela awagetyengwa ngayo uAmy Biehl ngomhla wama25 kweyeThupha 1993 eKapa. Nje phambi kokuba iphele ingcinezelo ngokobuhlanga, kwagetyengwa uAmy Biehl. Waba lixhoba lobundlobongela obabuphenjelelwa bubuhlanga. UAmy Biehl wayengumntu omhlophe. Wayizinikele ekupheliseni ingcinezelo ngokobuhlanga eMzantsi Afrika, ezinze kwiYunivesithi yeNtshona Koloni, esebenza kwiindawo ezihlelelekileyo. Wayekwancedisa kwimisebenzi yokubhalisela uvoto ukulungiselela usuku lonyulo ngoMhla weNkululeko. UAmy wayeyazi kakuhle iGugulethu kwakunye nabantu bayo, mhlawumbi ke wayecinga ukuba uyabazi. Wayexhaphakile elokishini esiya phantse yonke imihla nasebusuku, ekwazi nokuthetha isiXhosa ekwazi nokupantsula (umjuxuzo waselokishini). “Leyo yindlela awayefitha ngayo elokishini,” watsho uMelanie Jacobs, intokazi entsundu eyayihlala endlwini enye noAmy eKapa. “Wayeyithanda iAfrika. Wayengumlungu nje onomahluko.” Ngorhatya lomhla wama25 kweyeThupha 1993, uAmy waqhuba waya eGugulethu ze wahlelwa lilishwa lokuba lixhoba legquba lolutsha oluntsundu olwalunomsindo. Bagibisela imoto kaBiehl ngamatye, bemnyanzela ukuba amise, ze bamtsalela ngaphandle emotweni yakhe bamgebenga. Babesenza islogeni esithi “Kill the Settler!”. Abazali bakhe baziswa ukuba intombi yabo ibethiwe ze yahlatywa yafa. Amapolisa abamba abarhanelwa ababini abaselula nababengabafundi abangamalungu ombutho wobuzwe wezigalo, iPan Africanist Congress, eslogeni sayo sasisithi “One settler, one bullet.” Ukubulawa kwale ngcali yezemfundo yodumo kwabashukumisa abantsundu eKapa, bechasa iqela elo lezigalo elalikhuthaza ukuchaswa kwabamhlophe. IAfrican National Congress yathembisa ngokusebenzisa amakhonkco ayo aselokishini ukuncedisa ukufumana ababulali. Abahlobo noongxa bakaNks Biehl, emva kokuba bemkhumbule ngeengoma zenkululeko, benza uqhankqalazo eGugulethu bephethe amaphekepheke athi, “Ubuqabane abunabala (Comrades come in all colours).” [Ithathwe https://www.nytimes.com1993/08/27/world/how-american- sister-died-in-atownship.html. Accessed on 1 September 2019.] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) ISOSI 2C Le sosi igxile ekuviweni kweengxelo zababecela uxolelo ngokubulala uAmy Biehl ngomhla we8 kweyeKhala 1997 eKapa. Afaka isicelo soxolelo amatyendyana amane, uMzikhona Nofemela, Ntobeka Peni, Vusumzi Ntamo noMongezi Manqina afunyaniswa enetyala lokubulala uAmy ze agwetywa iminyaka esibhozo ejele. Ababulali bakaAmy bacela uxolo kubazali bakhe ngento igqwetha leKomishini yeNyani elayibiza ngokuba sisenzo sokungabi nangqondo “seqela lezigebenga.” Bacelwa umngeni aba baxhasi bane bePan Africanist Congress (PAC) ngebango abalenza kwiKomiti yoXolelo lokuba isenzo sabo sokubulala beligquba sasiphenjelelwa zezepolitiki. Abazali bakaBiehl, uPeter noLinda, bazixhawula ngezandla iintsapho zala madoda mane ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkqubo. Kwingxelo efungelweyo ebhaliweyo eyafakwa kwiKomiti yoXolelo yeTRC la madoda mane athi ayazisola ngolu gebengo kwaye acela abazali bakaBiehl ukuba babaxolele. “Ndibuhlungu kwaye ndonakele ngaphakathi, ingakumbi namhlanje, kukuphawula igalelo likaAmy Biehl kumzabalazo,” watsho uPeni. Nangani watshoyo, enoogxa bakhe bema kwelokub olo gebengo lwaluphenjelelwe yipolitiki nasisilogeni sePAC esasithi “One settler, One bullet.” UPeni wanika ingxelo yokuba isigqeba sikaPaso siso esabanika umyalela wokuba iGugulethu bayenze ingalawuleki kwanokuba bancedise iphiko lezigalo lePAC, iAzanian People’s Liberation Army, ukuze kubuye umhlaba wabantu abantsundu. “Oku ndakuthatha ngokuba kukwangumyalelo wokonakalisa, ukulimaza nokubulala abamhlophe.” Ngonyaka we1998 ababulali bakaBiehl banikwa uxolelo yiTRC (sigqibo eso sasikwaxhaswa lusapho lwakhe) ze bakhululwa entolongweni emva kokube bedontse iminyaka emine yesigwebo sabo. Abazali bakaBeihl bathi bakholelwa ukuba intombi yabo ibinokusixhasa isigqibo seKomishini sokubanika uxolelo. [Ithathwe www.justice.gov.za/trc/media/1997/9707/s970708f.htm. Accessed on 1 September 2019.] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) 9 ISOSI 2D Le foto ibonisa ababulali bakaAmy Biehl kuviwongxelo loxolelo lwabo ngomhla we8 kweyeKhala 1997 eKapa. [Ithathwe images amy biehl newpaper. jfif-photos. Accessed on 1 September 2019.] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) UMBUZO 3: YABA NAFUTHE LINI I-MULTI-NATIONAL CORPORATIONS (MNC’S) KWIINKCUBEKO ZEHLABATHI KWIMINYAKA YOWE1990’s? ISOSI 3A Le sosi ingezantsi ichaza intsingiselo yeglobhalizeyishini. Iglobhalizeyishini yinkqubo yentsebenziswano nomanyano phakathi kwabantu, iinkampani noorhulumente bamazwe ohlukileyo, nkqubo leyo iququzelelwa lurhwebelwano lwamazwe ngamazwe notyalomali nto ezo zithi zenziwe lula ngezetknoloji. Ezi nkqubo ziyayichaphazela indalo, inkcubeko, iinkkqubo zepolitiki, uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho nobutyebi kwanempilontle yoluntu ehlabathini. Kambe ke iglobhalizeyishini esiyo nto intsha. Kwakumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo abantu nookopolotyeni beberhwebelana bekumazwe ngamazwe aqaqelene kakhulu. Kananjalo, kwiinkulungwane zeminyaka, abantu nookopolotyeni bebetyala imali kumaqumrhu orhwebo akwamanye amazwe. Imigaqonkqubo nophuhliso lwezeteknoloji kwiminyaka eyadlulayo iphembelele ukwanda korhwebelwano lwamazwe ngamazwe, utyalomali nokufudukela kwamanye amazwe kwabantu ngaphazu kokuba uninzi lwabakhimkhanya becinga ukuba esi sisigaba esitsha kwezoqoqosho. Umzekelo, ukususela kwiminyaka yowe1950, ukurhwebelana kwehlabathi kwande ngokuphindwe ngama20, ukususela kowe1997 ukuya kowe1999 utyalomali lwamazwe angaphandle luphantse lwaphindeka kabini, ukusuka kwi$468 billion ukuya kwi$827 billion. Ukwahlula esi santya kweso sangaphambili, umbhali uThomas Friedman uthi kule mihla iglobhalizeyishini “iyakhawuleza, itshiphu kwaye inzulu.” [Ithathwe https://www.globalisation101.org>what-is-globalisation. Accessed on 17 September 2019.] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) 11 ISOSI 3B Le sosi inika ingcaciso ngefuthe leglobhalizeyishini kwiinkcubeko zamazwe asaphuhlayo. Iglobhalizeyishini iinento ezininzi eziyingenelo neziyingxaki kwinkcubeko yamazwe asaphuhlayo. Inkcubeko iguqukile kumazwe asaphuhlayo amaninzi ngenxa yeglobhalizeyishini nokulinganisa iinkcubeko zamanye ngamazwe afana neAmerica namazwe aseEurope. Ngaphambi kweglobhalizeyisini bekungenakwenzeka ukuba ilizwe lazi iinkcubeko zamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yezixhobo zeglobhalizeyishini ezibalulekileyo ezifana nomabonwakude, unomathotholo, isathelayithi neintanethi, kulula ngoku ukwazi okuqhubeka kwelinye ilizwe. Ngaphezu koko, abantu banako ukwazana ngcono ehlabathini liphela ngenxa yeglobhalizeyishini. Kule mihla silibona ngokucacileyo ifuthe leglobhalizeyishini kubantu abatsha kumazwe ahluphekayo ohlukileyo. Kuxhaphakile ukubona ulutsha lunxibe iNike T-shirts ne- sneakers, Adidas, bekhalisa umculo weHip-Hop, besebenzisa iApple ipad, besitya kwaMacDonalds, KFC nakwaDomino’s pizza. Bohlulwa lulwimi abaluthethayo kuphela. Kwelinye icala, uninzi lwamazwe asaphuhlayo luxhalabile ngokunyuka kweglobhalizeyishini kuba isenokukhokelela ekuphazamisekeni kweenkcubeko zawo, amasiko, ubuwona, izithethe nolwimi lwawo. Umzekelo, kuninzi lwamazwe amaArab banxiba ze baziphathe ngokwamazwe asele ephuhlile, bambalwa abasanxiba iimpahla zesithethe sabo nangokwemveli. Ngaphezu koko, iglobhalizeyishini ikhokelela ekulahlekeni kwamagama amaninzi neendlela zemveli zokuthetha ulwimi ngoba uninzi lusebenzisa isiNgesi. [Ithathwe http://www.tigweb.org/youth-media/panorama/article.html?Contentl. Accessed on 10 September 2019.] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 12 HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) ISOSI 3C Esi sicatshulwa singezantsi sinika ingcaciso ngendlela uluntu olwayiqhankqalazela ngayo inkampani imulti-national company, ‘Nike,’ ngowe1998. I-Nike, umvelisi wempahla zemidlalo ophambili, yenye yemizekelo egqamileyo ehlabathini yendlela yokuzihlamba. Kwiminyaka yowe1990s le nkampani yayisengxakini ngenxa yengxelo yokuba yayisebenzisa iivenkile zeelekese iqesha nabantwana. Uxinizelelo lwakhula de kwangowe1998, apho uPhil Knight olihlakani lokusekwa kweNike wathi waphuma elubala ngokulungisa izenzo zale nkampani, ze emva koko iNike yachitha ishumi leminyaka isenza ezo zilungiso. Kungokunje ingxaki yokusebenzisa iivenkile zeelekese yeNike ifuna ukubuya. Ngomhla wama29 kweyeKhala, abafundi namatshantliziyo ehlabathini athe ayinxalenye yoqhankqalazo oluchase izenzo zeNike obeluququzelelwe yiUnited Students Against Sweatshops (USAS). Abaqhankqalazi kwizixeko ezifana neBoston, Washington D.C., Bangalore neSan Pedro Sula, bathetha ukunyuka kwezityholo ngakwiNike eziye zikhula ngokukhula. Phakathi kwezinye ngamabango okuba abasebenzi bomzimveliso weNike eHansae, eVietnam, barholiswa imivuzo engafanelekanga kwaye kuthethwa kakubi nabo besetyenziswa nzima iiyure ezininzi ebushushwini obungaphezu kobufanelekileyo obungama90 degrees, de baquleke bekwiimatshini zokuthunga zabo. INike ikwatyholwa ngokucutha imisebenzi kumzimveliso oseHansae nangokuyekisa uveliso kumzimveliso oseHonduras enemibutho yabasebenzi emikhulu, nto leyo ikhokelele ekulahlekeni kwemisebenzi emininzi. Kananjalo le nkampani kutyholwa ukuba ayivumanga ukuba iqela lobekoliso elizimelyo iWorkers Rights Consortium (WRC) lingene lihlole imizimveliso yayo. [Ithathwe https://qz.com/1042298/nike-is-facing-a-new-wave--of-anti-sweatshops-protest. Accessed on 10 September 2019.] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) 13 ISOSI 3D Le powusta ihlasela ookopolotyeni baseWashington D.C. ngowe1998. [Ithathwe New Generation History by S. Govender et al] Copyright reserved Please turn over

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 14 HISTORY P2 (ADDENDUM) (EC/SEPTEMBER 2020) IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI ESETYENZISIWEYO Iisosi ezibonakalayo nezinye izinto ezibubungqina bezembali zithathwe kule mithombo yolwazi: Govender, S. et.al. 2007. New Generation History (New Generation Publishers) http://www.tigweb.org/youth-media/panorama/article.html?Content https://qz.com/1042298/nike-is-facing-a-new-wave--of-anti-sweatshops-protest https://www.globalisation101.org>what-is-globalisation https://www.nytimes.com1993/08/27/world/how-american- sister-died-in-atownship.html images amy biehl newpaper. jfif- photos Krog. A. 1999. Country of my Skull (Vintage Publishers) Price, L. 2013. Steve Biko (Sached Books (Pty) (Ltd) Van Wyk, C. 2007. We Write What We Like (Wits University Press) Wilson, L. 2011. Steve Biko (Jacana Media (Pty) Ltd ) www.justice.gov.za/trc/media/1997/9707/s970708f.htm Zapiro, Daily Maverick Copyright reserved Please turn over