History Grade 12 P1 Eastern Cape Mock 2020 Addendum

Downloaded from hlayiso.com NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE KEREITE YA 12 LOETSE 2020 HISTORI PAMPIRI YA PELE (P1) ATENTAMO Atentamo ena e na le maqephe a 14.

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 2 HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) (EC/LOETSE 2020) POTSO YA 1: HO ROMELLWA HA DIMISAELE HO YA NAHENG YA CUBA HO BILE LE SEABO JWANG DITSITSIPANONG TSA NTWA E BATANG (COLD WAR TENSIONS) PAKENG TSA SOVIET UNION LE DINAHA TSE KOPANENG (UNITED STATES) KA DILELEMO TSA BO 1060? MOHLODI WA 1A Mohlodi ona o qotsitswe setatementeng sa Soviet tlhaselong e neng e hoba ya Cuba ke Dinaha tse Kopaneng (United States) (11 Loetse 1962). Mmuso wa U.S.S.R. o bone ho le bohlokwa ho hlokomedisa mebuso ya dinaha tsohle le mohopolo wa lefatshe ka diqholotso tse etswang ke mmuso wa Dinaha tse Kopaneng (United states) diqholotso tse ka kenyang lefatshe lohle koduweng ya ntwa ya lefatshe lohle ka dibetsa tsa thermonuclear. Ditho tsa baitseki tsa Dinaha tse Kopaneng (United States) tse nang le mohopolo wa ntwa di ne di se ntse di etelletse pele letsholo le sa laolwang la poropaganda kgahlano le Ripaboliki ya Cuba hore ho hlaselwe Cuba, ho hlaselwe dikepe tsa Soviet tse laetseng thepa ya bohlokwa le dijo ho ya bathong ba Cuba, ka lentswe le le leng, ho qala ntwa. Mopresitente wa Dinaha tse Kopaneng (United States) o kopile Mokgatlo (Congress) ho dumella ho kenngwa ha marisefe(reservists) a 150,000 mabothong a ntwa (armed forces) a United States … Mohato o kang ona wa mmuso wa Dinaha tse Kopaneng (United States) o ke ke wa hlahlojwa ka mokgwa o mong ntle le ho bontsha merero e mabifi ya Dinaha tse Kopaneng (United States) ka boyona oo jwang kapa jwang o ka lebisang ho mpefaleng ha dikamano tsa matjhabatjhaba (international atmosphere). … Ha re ipate ditjhabeng hore re fela re fepela Cuba ka disebediswa tsa diindasteri le thepa tse thusang ho matlafatsa moruo wa yona le ho ntlafatsa maphelo a batho ba Cuba. Ho tla hopolwa hore ho na le dihlomo tse itseng tse tsamaiswang ka dikepe ho tswa Soviet Union ho ya Cuba ka kopo ya mmuso wa Cuba malebana le ditshoso tse etswang ke maqulwana a merusu a diimpiriale (aggressive imperialist circles). Baahi ba Cuba ba ile ba boela ba kopa mmuso wa Soviet ho romela ditsebi (specialists) tsa sesole tsa Soviet, Cuba ha mmoho le ditheknishiene tse tla kwetlisa MaCuba ka tshwaro le tshebediso ya dibetsa tsa sejwalejwale hoba dibetsa tsa sejwalejwale di hloka bokgoni le tsebo e matla. Cuba ha e so be le ditsebi tsa mofuta oo. Dihlomo le disebediswa tsa sesole tse rometsweng Cuba di etseditswe haholoholo boitshireletso mme mopresitente wa Dinaha tse Kopaneng (United States) le sesole sa America jwalo ka sesole sa naha ba tseba hantle ka mekgwa ya boitshireletso. Ebe mekgwa ee e ka tshosa Dinaha tse Kopaneng (United states jwang? [Ho tswa ho http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/precrisis.htm. Accessed on 21 November 2019.] Pampiri ena e se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/LOETSE 2020) HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) 3 MOHLODI WA 1B Mohlodi o latelang ke mmapa oo naha ya USA e ileng ya o phatlalatsa ho bontsha kgahlamelo ya dimisaele tsa nuclear naheng ya Cuba. [Ho tswa ho https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/cuban-missile-crisis?mediatype=photography&phrase =cuban%20missile%20crisis&sort=mostpopular. E fumanehilenga ka la 15 Tshitwes 2019.] Pampiri ena e se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 4 HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) (EC/LOETSE 2020) MOHLODI WA 1C Mohlodi ona ke qotso ho tswa puong ya Mopresitente John F. Kennedy ha a ne a bua le setjhaba radiyong le thelevesheneng ka Dimisaele tsa Soviet (Soviet missiles) naheng ya Cuba ka la 22, Mphalane 1962. Ke a le dumedisa baahi ba naha ya heso. Jwalo kaha Mmuso o ile wa tshepisa, o bolokile tshepiso ya ona ya ho hlahloba ka katamelo kaho ya sesole sa Soviet (Soviet military build-up) sehlekehlekeng sa Cuba. Bekeng e fetileng ho na le bopaki bo nnetefaditseng ntlha ya hore ho na le ditsha tsa dimisaele tse kotsi tse etswang sehlekehlekeng seo sa kwallo. Ditsha tsena ha di na morero o mong ntle le ho tlisa seteraeke sa nuclear kgahlano le Hemisfiye ya Bophirima (Western Hemisphere). Matshwao a ditsha tsena tse ntjha tsa dimisaele a bontsha mefuta e mmedi ya ho kenngwa tshebetsong. Tse ngata tsa tsona di kenyelletsa medium range ballistic missiles, tse ka jarang nuclear warhead sebaka se ka bang ka hodimo ho dimaele tse 1000 tsa nautic (nautical miles) ka bokgutshwane, e nngwe le e nngwe ya dimisaele tsena e na le bokgoni ba ho hlasela Washington, D.C., Panama Canal, Cape Canaveral, Mexico City kapa toropo e nngwe feela karolong e borwa-botjhabela ya Dinaha tse Kopaneng (United States) kapa sebaka sa Caribean. Ho thibela kaho ena e kotsi, ho thehilwe mehato e matla ya ho khwarantina ho tsamaisa dibetsa tsohle tsa sesole tse tsamaiswang ka sekepe ho ya Cuba. Dikepe tsa mefuta yohle ho tswa naheng efe kapa efe kapa boemakepeng bofe kapa bofe ho ya Cuba ha di ka fumanwa di na le dibetsa tse kotsi, di tla kgutlisetswa morao … le ha ho le jwalo, nakong ena ha re hanane le taba ya ditlhoko tsa bophelo jwalo kaha MaSoviete (Soviets) a lekile ho etsa ha ba ne ba etsa Thibella ya Berlin (Berlin Blockade) ka selemo sa 1948. [Ho tswa ho https://spartacus-educational.com. Accessed on 16 December 2019.] Pampiri ena e se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/LOETSE 2020) HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) 5 MOHLODI WA 1D Mohlodi ona ke phetolelo ya thelekeramo e neng e tloha ho Khrushchev e ya ho Kennedy, e romelwa ho tswa ntlong ya bonqosa ya Soviet Union ho ya Lefapheng la Naha (Department of State), Moscow, ka la 26 Mphalane 1962. Ha re bontsheng bohlale ba baahi ba naha. Ke na le tlhahiso ya hore bakeng sa rona re phatlalatse hore dikepe tsa rona tse yang Cuba ha di a laela dihlomo. O tla phatlalatsa hore Dinaha tse Kopaneng (United States) ha di na ho hlasela Cuba ka mobotho a yona mme ha di na ho tshehetsa mabotho afe kapa afe a ka rerang ho hlasela cuba. Ha ho le jwalo, tlhokeho ya boteng ba ditsebi tsa rona tsa sesole Cuba e tla fella feela. Monghadi Mopresitente, ke etsa boipeletso ho wena ho lekanya hantle hore na diketso tse bolotsana, tse mabifi tseo o boletseng ha USA e di rera mawatleng a matjhabatjhaba di tla lebisa kae. Wena ka bowena o a tseba hore motho e mong le e mong ya nahanang hantle a ke se dumellane le sena, a ke se hlokomele tokelo ya ao diketsong tsa mofuta ona. Haeba o entse sena e le mohato wa hao wa pele wa ho lokolla hore ntwa e qale, ho lokile, ho a bonahala hore ha ho letho le setseng ntle le hore re amohele phephetso ya hao. Le ha ho le jwalo, haeba ha o a lahlehelwa ke boitaolo le ho nahana ka hloko ka hore see se ka lebisa kae, Monghadi Mopresitente, rona le wena ha re a tshwanela ho hula thapo eo o e fasiteng lefito la ntwa hona jwale hoba ha re ntse re hula, lefito le tla tia ho feta. Nako e ka fihla eo lefito leo le ka bang thata ho feta hoo le ya le fasitseng a ke keng a ba le matla a ho le fasolla. Mme he ho tla ba bohlokwa ho kgaola lefito leo. Se tla beng se bolelwa ke seo, ha se hloke ho hlaloswa ke nna hoba wena ka bowena o utlwisisa hantle hore dinaha tsa rona di ntsha mabotho a kotsikotsi jwang. Ka lebaka leo, haeba ha ho morero wa ho tiisa lefito leo le ho timetsa lefatshe ka koduwa ya ntwa ya thermonuclear, ha re se ke ra nyehlisa feela mabothong a hulang thapo, ha re nke mehato ya ho fasolla lefito leo. Re malalaalaotswe ho etsa sena. [Ho tswa ho https://microsites.jfklibrary.org/cmc/oct26/doc4.html. Accessed on 16 December 2019.] Pampiri ena e se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 6 HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) (EC/LOETSE 2020) POTSO YA 2: KE HOBANENG HA DINAHA TSA KA NTLE DI ILE TSA IKAMAHANYA NTWENG YA BOIPUSO YA ANGOLA? MOHLODI WA 2A Mohlodi ona o hlalosa ka boitseko ka phumantsho ya matla (power struggles) bo ropohileng ka mora hore Angola e fumane boipuso ka 1974. Mekga e meraro ya mantlha ya sesole e ne e lwanela boipuso ba Angola ho tloha dilemong tsa bo 1960. Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) e ne ele mokgatlo wa Marxist o neng o le motsemoholo Luanda mme o etelletswe pele ke Agostinho Neto. National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA) o neng o etelletswe pele ke Holden Roberto o ne o thehile ka nqa leboya ho naha mme o na le maqhama a matla le motswalle wa US, Mobutu Sese Seko, naheng ya boahisane ya Zaire. National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) lehlomela la FNLA o neng o etelletswe pele ke Jonas Savimbi o bile o tshehetswa ke sehlopha sa batho ba morabe o nang le batho ba bangata ka hare ho naha, maOvimbundu. Ka mora boitseko (revolution)ba Portuguese, baitseki bana ba bararo ba ile ba kopana le baemedi ba mmuso o motjha wa maPortuguese ka Pherekgong 1975 ba tekena selekane sa Alvor Agreement se fileng Angola boipuso ya ba ya hlahisa mmuso o metjha e meraro ya karolelano ya matla. Le ha ho le jwalo ho se tshepane ha phakisa ha kenella ka hare ho dihlopha tsena tse tharo, mme ha tsoha ntwa ya bana ba thari (civil war) ka ha sehlopha ka seng se ne se hlodisana ka matla le tse ding. Ditlokotsi tsena tsa Angola tsa eba lepatlelo la ntwa e batang (Cold War) ka ha dinaha tse kgolo le batshhetsi ba tsona di ile tsa fana ka thuso ya sesole ho dinaha tsa kgetho ya tsona. Dinaha tse Kopaneng (United States) di thusitse le ho kwetlisa masole a makgowa a FNLA le UNITA ha masole a Zaire a thusitse Holden Roberto le dilwani tsa hae. China le yona e ule ya romela baetapele ba sesole ho kwetlisa FNLA. Nakong ya hlabula ka 1975, MPLA e tsheheditsweng ke Soviet e ne e se e kgona ho kopanya matla Luanda le ho hlodisa FNLA e tsheheditsweng ke U.S motsemoholo empa FNLA ya tswela pele ka tlhaselo. [Ho tswa ho https://history.state.gov/milestones/1969-1976/angola. E fumanehileng ka la 05 April 2020.] Pampiri ena e se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/LOETSE 2020) HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) 7 MOHLODI WA 2B Mohlodi o ka tlase o bontsha mabaka a Afrika Borwa (South Africa) a ho ikamahanya le Angola dilemong tsa bo 1970. Ho bonahala ha ho kenella ha pele ha SA naheng ya Angola ho bakilwe ke tlhoko ya ho boloka le ho sireletsa ditabatabelo tsa yona. Ka nako eo, mmuso o ne o hanyetsana ka hohlehohle le bokomanisi kaha mohopolo wa leano la boikemelo bo phethahetseng ba naha kgahlano le timetso ya bokomanisi e bile sepheo sa mantlha se hlalosang leano la matjhaba. Dipolotiki tsa kgotso tsa SA ho Afrika ka nako eo di latelletswe ka katleho pele ho ho kenella ho Angola ele ho theha moedi wa tshirelletso oo e neng e le mohopolo wa ho sireletsa SA ho ditshoso tse neng di eketseha tsa bokomanisi. Ho feta moo, ngongoreho ya SA e ne e eketseha mabapi le kgonahalo ya ditshoso kaha USSR le Cuba di ne di atolosa tshehetso ya tsona ho MPLA kamora ho ketolwa ha puso , Portugal ka 1974. Kgobokano ya masol a lwantshang puso a SWAPO moding o ka borwa wa Angola ho ile ha beha kotsing ditabatablo tsa SA ho SWA kaha SWAPO e ne e le o mong wa batshehetsi ba baholo ba MPLA, Afrika. Ka bobedi mekga ya SWAPO le MPLA e ne e bonwa e le baemedi ba Soviet ka nako ya tshokelano (Cold War). Ka hodimo ho moo, Aforika Borwa e ne e qobellwa ke matjhabatjhaba a mang ho ikamahanya le Angola lekgetlo la pele. USA jwalo ka SA e ne e le kgahlano haholo le bokomanisi mme e ile ya tshehetsa SA mohatong wa yon awa pele ka mokgwa o itseng. France le yona e ne e na le dingongoreho. SA ya boela ya bona mohato wa pele wa ho ikamahanya ha yona e le monyetla wa ho qala mmuso o ikokobeditseng (less hostile), Angola, ho ena l s nng s qadilw Mozamboque . FNLA, UNITA le dibapadi tse ngata tsa Aforika le tsa matjhabatjhaba tse kang Zaire le yona Zambia di ile tsa kenya dikopo tse tshwanang le tseo. Aforika Borwa e ile ya nka qeto ya hore ho tla ba molemong wa yona le molemong wa tikoloho (region) ho kenella dikgohlanong tsa Angola. [From South Africa’s Intervention in Angola: Before Cuito Cuanavale and Thereafter file:///E:/Angola%202/labuschagne_south_2009.pdf. Accessed on 05 April 2020.] Pampiri ena e se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 8 HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) (EC/LOETSE 2020) MOHLODI WA 2C Qotso e ka tlase e bontsha ka moo Dinaha tse Kopaneng tsa Amerika (United States of America) e ileng ya tshehetsa UNITA nakong ya ntwa ya bana ba thari ya Angola (Angolan Civil War). Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) e rometse dibetsa tsa yona tse kgolo tsa pele ka sekepe ho ya ho FNLA ka Phupu 1975. Jwalo ka MaRussia le maChina, USA e ne e fana ka thuso karolong e le nngwe ya ntwa ya ban aba thari ya Angola (Angolan Civil War) boemong bo ka hodimo haholo ho boo kileng ya fana ka thusonakong ya boitseko kgahlano le bokoloniale ba Portugal (Portuguese colonialism. United States e ne e kene ka botlalo ntweng ya bana ba thari ka ho bonahalang. Ho eketsa hodima ho kwetlisa hodima masole a thibelang ntwa (combat units) basebetsi ba US ba ne ba fofa pakeng tsa Zaire le Congo, ba phethahatsa diphuputso le merero ya tshehetso mme CIA e ile ya sebedisa didolara tse milione leanong le nketsweng hodimo la masole a hirwang. Ditlaleho di hlahelletse masedinyaneng a US ka bongata, tse tlalehang masole a tsometsang (guerrillas) a ne a lwana le MPLA, Angola ho tloha ho a ‘mashome a mabedi (scores) ho isa ho a ‘300’, le hore a mang a mangata a ne a bitsetswa sesoleng mme a kwetliswa United States le ho ya kopana le ao. Empa John Stockwell, hlooho ya lebotho la tshebetso la CIA le Angola, o beha lenane la masole a hirwang a Amerika a tswelelletseng ho finyella Angola a le 24 feela. CIA e ne e tshehetsa ka kotloloho masole a hirwang a Britain ka dibetsa (a neng a lwana Angola). Ha mmamorao, Mongodi wa Naha, Henry Kissinger, a tlalehela Senate hore ‘CIA ha e a ikamahanya’ ho bitsweng ha masole a hirwang bakeng sa Angola. Ka thuso ya baqolotsi ba ditaba ba bitsitsweng, ba emetseng ditshebeletso tse kgolo tsa ditaba, CIA ile ya kgona ho tlatsa ditlaleho tsa bohata ka baeletsi ba Soviet, Angola. Pale e nngwe e phatlaladitsweng masedinyaneng ke UNITA e n e bolela hore maRussia a 20 le maCuba a 35 a hapilwe. Bohata bo bong e ne e le ba dipeto tse etswang ke masole a Cuba naheng ya Angola; Sena se hlakisitswe se kenyelletsa kgapo, diteko le dipolao … [From http://williamblum.org/chapters/killing-hope/angola. Accessed on 7 March 2020.] Pampiri ena e se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/LOETSE 2020) HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) 9 MOHLODI WA 2D Poustara ena e bontsha Mopresitente Agostinho Neto le Fidel Castro ka mora ho ketekwa ha boipuso ba Angola. [Ho tswa ho https://mrdivis.wordpress.com/2016/12/02/remembering-fidel-castros-impact-in-southern- africa/. Accessed on 7 March 2020.] Pampiri ena e se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 10 HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) (EC/LOETSE 2020) POTSO YA 3: KGAHLAMELO YA MOKGA WA BLACK POWER MOVEMENT E BILE EFE HO MAAMERIKA A MAAFRIKA (AFRICAN AMERICANS) DILEMONG TSA BO 1960? MOHLODI WA 3A Qotso e ka tlase e bontsha tlhaloso ya Stokely Carmichael malebana le filosofi ya mokga wa Black Power Movement. Mokga wa Black Power Movement o tswile mokgeng wa Civil Rights o ileng wa bontsha kgolo dilemong tsa bo 1950 le 1960. Le ha e ne e se mokga wa semmuso, Mokga wa Black Power Movement o ile wa bontsha phetoho dikamanong tsa makgowa le batho ba batsho Dinaheng tse Kopaneng (United states) le ka moo batho ba batsho ba ileng ba ipona ka teng. Mokga o ile wa amohelwa ke ba bang e le qobello e reretsweng ho thusa batho ba batsho ho lekana ka botlalo le makgowa, empa o ne o hloilwe ke ba bang jwalo ka sesole se morusu seo sepheo sa ona e neng e le ho tlisa karohano pakeng tsa makgowa le batho ba batsho. Bonneteng, Mokga wa Black Power Movement e bile ketsahalo e bileng boima ho tlisa tharollo nakong eo ho neng ho tliswa phetoho setjhabeng le botjhabeng ho phatlalla le Dinaha tse Kopaneng (United States), Sena se ntse se siile mehwabadi. Batho ba batsho ba ne ntse ba fumana meputso e ka tlase ho ya makgowa, botlokotsebe bo ja setsi metseng ya bona, le kgethollo e matla ya mmala. Batjha ba batho ba batsho ba ile ba bona mokga wa Civil Rights Movement e le wa bohlokwa ho tlisa phetoho ya nnete setjhabeng. Seo ba neng ba se batla e ne e le ntho e ka potlakisang le ho fa batho ba batsho menyetla e tshwanang le ya makgowa, ese feela setjhabeng empa le ho tsa moruo le tsa dipolotiki. Mohlomong sa bohlokwa haholo e ne e le hore ba ne ba utlwa eka Mokga wa Civil Rights movement o ne o itshetlehile haholoholo maikutlong a makgowa aditokelo tsa bana ba thari (civil rights) ho e na le maikutlo a batho ba batsho. Mahareng a dilemo tsa bo1960, batho ba batsho ba ne ba sa kgotsofatswa ke ka moo sekgahla sa phetoho se neng se hola ka teng bathong ba batsho. Lentswe 'black power' esale le le teng ho tloha dilemong tsa bo 1950, empa le ile la tsebahatswa ke Stokely Carmichael, hlooho ya Student Non-violent Co-ordinating Committee (SNCC),ka selemo sa 1966. [Ho tswa ho http://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/sociology-and-social- reform/socialreform/black-power-movement. Accessed on 18 November 2019.] Pampiri ena e se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/LOETSE 2020) HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) 11 MOHLODI WA 3B Mohlodi o ka tlase o hlalosa mabaka a entseng hore mokga wa Black Panther Party o thehe lenaneo la ona la dijo tsa hoseng (breakfast). Ka selemo sa 1969, sehlopha sa bana se ile sa dula fatshe ho fumantshwa dijo tsa hoseng (breakfast) pele sekolo se kena. Ho ne ho jewa: chocolate milk, mahe, nama, cereal le diorentjhe tse foreshe. Sebaka sa ho jella se ne se ke ke sa hloka batho matsatsing ana. – empa mmuso wa federale o ne o sa fumantshe dijo. Diteboho ho mokga wa Black Panther Party ka ho fumantsha dijo tsa hoseng (breakfast). Nakong eo, mokga wa sesole wa Black Nationalist party o ne o nyatswa ditabeng tsa media o bile o tshajwa ke ba tshoswang ke molaetsa wa ona le boitlamo ba ona ba ho fedisa dipolao tse sehloho tsa MaAmerika a Matsho (Black Americans) ke sepolesa. Empa ho ja dijo tsa hoseng ha barutwana, dipolotiki tsa Black Panther di ne di nkelwa sebaka ke dijo tseo ba neng ba fana ka tsona. . ‘’Bana, bao bongata ba bona ba neng ba so ka ba ba eja dijo tsa hoseng pele diPanther di qala ka lenaneo,’’ Ho ngotse motlalehi wa The Sun, ‘’ba nahana hore Dipanther ‘di kgema le dinako’ le hona ho ba ‘mosa haholo’ ka ho ba etsetsa sena.” Lenaneo le ne le ka bonahala le kgema le dinako empa sepheo sa lona e ne e le ho hlohlelletsa phetoho ya mmuso ka ho kgothaletsa ho phela ha batho ba batsho. Ho tloha dilemong tsa bo 1969 ho ya maqalong a dilemo tsa bo 1970, porokerama ya Dijo tsa hoseng tsa lefeela tsa Bana ba Sekolo (Free Breakfast for School Children Program) e fepile dikete tsa bana ba neng ba lapile… Diofisiri tsa Sekolo tsa potlaka ho tlaleha diphetho tsa bana ba fumantshitsweng dijo tsa hoseng pele sekolo se kena.” Mosuwehlooho a re bolella ka moo bana ba neng ba fapana ka teng, Moparishe, Ruth Beckford, ya neng a thusa leneneong ha mmamorao o ile a bolela a re, “Ba ne ba sa robale ka tlelaseng, ba ne ba sa tshwarwe ke mala.”… mananeo a setjhaba a BPP a ne a sa rerelwa ho fana ka dijo feela; ba ile ba atolosa lenaneo la bona ho fana ka ditliliniki tsa meriana, ditshebeletso tsa diambulentshe le ditliliniki tsa molao. [Ho tswa ho //www.hist.com/news/free-school-breakfast-black-panther-party. Accessed on 07 March 2020.] Pampiri ena e se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 12 HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) (EC/LOETSE 2020) MOHLODI WA 3C Setshwantsho se bontsha ditho tsa mokga wa Philadelphia Black Panthers organisation, di fa bana dijo tsa hoseng (breakfast). [Ho tswa ho https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/inside-the-black-panthers-photographer- stephen-shames/16/. Accessed on 21 November 2019.] Pampiri ena e se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com (EC/LOETSE 2020) HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) 13 MOHLODI WA 3D Mohlodi o ka tlase ke qotso ya atikele e ngotsweng ke Mary Philips e bitswang Power of the First-person narrative: Ericka Huggins le Black Panther Party. Ericka Cozette Jenkins ya tswetsweng ka la 5 Pherekgong, 1948, a tswallwa Washington, DC, Huggins o kene mokgeng wa BPP ka 1967, Los Angeles. Jwalo ka moithuti wa koletjhe Univesithing ya Lincoln e Pennsylvania, o ne a ikamahanye le mokga wa Black Student Congress (BSC), mokgatlo wa khampaseng, ho fapana le ntlha ya hore mokga o ne o sa kgothaletse ditho ba basadi: “ba ne ba sa kgothaletse basadi ho ikamahanya le mokga empa ba ile ba ntumella ho kena” (Inthaviu ka mongodi, Phupu 20, 2011). Koletjheng, o badile atikele ya makasini wa Ramparts ka dikotlo kgahlano le Huey P. Newton tsa ho bolaya lepolesa la Oakland. Ka ho susumetswa ke tshwaro e se nang kutlwelobohloko ya Newton ka mora ho tshwarwa ha hae, Huggins o boletse ha setshwantsho se atikeleng ya makasini wa Ramparts se bontsha Huey a sa apara hempe a tlamelletswe betheng e mabidi ya sepetlele (hospital gurney) a na le leqeba la sethunya mpeng. Lepolesa la lekgowa le ne le lebetse khamera. Ka ho kgothatswa ke setshwantsho le pale, yena le molekane wa hae, John Huggins ba ile ba rera ho tswa sekolo, ba ya California, ba kena mokgeng wa BPP. Ha nako e eya, ba ile ba nyalana le Huggins mme ba sitswa ka moradi, Mai. Mokgeng wa BPP, Ericka Huggins o ne a ikarabella mafapheng a mangata ho kenyelletsa ho sebetsa e le mohlophisi wa koranta ya BPP, The Black Panther e neng e tsejwa hape ka The Black Panther Intercommunal News Service. Ha monna wa hae a bolawa ke baemedi ba COINTELPRO, Huggins o ile a kgutlela toropong ya habo a bula lekala la BPP sebakeng sa New Haven, Connecticut. Ka mora ho tshwarwa ha hae, teko le ho tswa ha hae ka 1971, o ile a sebetsa jwalo ka motsamaisi wa BPP’s Oakland Community School (OCS), a boloka ditaba tsa sona tsa ka mehla ho tloha ka 1973 ho ya ho 1981. O thuseditse ho ngolweng ha curriculum le matloleng a sekolo ka hodima hore o ne a hlokomela a bile a laola basebetsi. Nakong eo e neng e le motsamaisi, o ile a eta ho phatlalla le naha a etsa nehelano ka pedagoji ya sekolo. [Ho tswa ho https://www.erickahuggins.com/resources. E fumanehileng ka la 21 November 2019.] Pampiri ena e se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla

Downloaded from hlayiso.com 14 HISTORI P1 (ATENTAMO) (EC/LOETSE 2020) MEHLODITHUSO Mehlodi ya ditshwantsho le bopaki bo bong ba histori bo tswile ho tse latelang: http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/precrisis.htm https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/cuban-missile- crisis?mediatype=photography&phrase =cuban%20missile%20crisis&sort=mostpopula https://spartacus-educational.com. https://microsites.jfklibrary.org/cmc/oct26/doc4.html https://history.state.gov/milestones/1969-1976/angola Suid-Afrika se ingryping in Angola: Voor Cuito Cuanavale en daarna lêer: /// E: /Angola%202/labuschagne_south_2009.pdf. http://williamblum.org/chapters/killing-hope/angola https://mrdivis.wordpress.com/2016/12/02/remembering-fidel-castros-impact-in- southern-africa/. http://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/sociology-and-social- reform/socialreform/black-power-movement www.hist.com/news/free-school-breakfast-black-panther-party. https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/inside-the-black-panthers-photographer-stephen- shames/16/. https://www.erickahuggins.com/resources Pampiri ena e se sebediswe ntle ho tumello Phetla